基于SPARROW模型的面源污染模拟研究进展

随着点源污染的有效控制,面源污染逐渐成为我国水环境治理亟须解决的问题。但是,由于面源污染物的来源及其传输过程难于监测,因此需要使用模型模拟的方法进行评估分析。对面源污染模拟常用的统计模型方法和机理模型方法的分析比较发现,空间属性回归模型(SPAtially referenced regressions on watershed attributes,SPARROW)在利用统计学方法的同时,考虑了简单的水文传输过程,是一种介于简单统计模型与复杂机理模型之间的实用模型模拟方法。通过对该模型在污染溯源模拟与分析、流域变化预测分析和管理措施评估等方面的综述,得出结论如下:1) SPARROW模型模拟所需的数据相对较少,难度适中,十分符合我国流域人为干扰严重且监测数据相对不足的管理特点;2) SPARROW模型以空间模拟为主,可以基于目标水体的污染物负荷对上游流域的污染贡献进行溯源分析,并为面源污染的模拟研究提供技术支持。3) SPARROW模型可以在不确定性分析、时间分辨率和空间差异性等方面进行优化改进,进而实现更为广泛的应用。

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION SIMULATION BASED ON SPARROW MODEL

With the effective control of point source pollution,non-point source pollution has gradually become the main focus of water environment management in China.However,the source and transport of non-point source pollution are hard to monitor,and models are usually necessary.Based on the comparison of the statistical model and the mechanism model for non-point source pollution simulation,SPARROW (SPAtially referenced regressions on watershed attributes) was proved to be a more practical model between the statistical model and the mechanism model,which is a hybrid (statistical and mechanistic) watershed model,and widely used in many countries and regions.By summarizing the different aspects of the model,such as nutrient transport,scenario analysis,combining with other methods,and the improvement of the model,the following conclusions can be drawn:1) SPARROW model can meet the demand of watershed management in China since it doesn't need huge data and its establishment is not very difficult;2) SPARROW model is spatially explicit,and it could estimate the delivery of pollutants from subbasins towards the outlet,therefore,it can provide sufficient support for the simulation of non-point source pollution;3) SPARROW model can be more widely used by improving uncertainty analysis,temporal resolution,and spatial difference.