太子参化学成分及生物活性研究进展

太子参为石竹科植物孩儿参的干燥块根,味甘、微苦,性平,归脾肺经,具有益气健脾、生津润肺之功效,常用于气虚津伤的肺虚燥咳,被国家卫生健康委员会批准用于保健食品。现代药理和临床研究表明,太子参中特征性化学成分多糖和环肽具有免疫调节、抗炎、改善记忆等作用,但其他类成分的研究报道较少,该研究系统梳理了1990年以来太子参的化学成分及生物活性研究进展。总结发现,太子参中富含多糖、环肽、苷类、生物碱、挥发性成分、有机酸、磷脂类等营养与功能成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、降血糖血脂、心肌保护、改善记忆、改善溃疡性结肠炎、抗肿瘤和慢性阻塞性肺病等生物活性。急慢性毒性评价显示太子参无明显的毒副作用,有很强的食用安全性。通过对太子参的化学成分和生物活性研究的总结归纳,为太子参的开发利用提供参考和依据。

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Pseudostellaria heterophylla

Pseudostellaria heterophylla, which is the tuberous root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm and is neutral in nature and taste sweet with slightly bitter, attributes to the spleen and lung meridian. It is a common Chinese herbal medicine for supplementing Qi, strengthening spleen, generating fluid and moistening lung, and is widely used for the treatment of cough induced by Qi and fluid deficiency. It was approved by National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China for the application of healthy food. Polysaccharides and cyclic peptides are the two main chemical constituents of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, and modern pharmacological and clinical investigations indicate that they exert immune modulating, anti-inflammatory, and memory ameliorative effects. However, the other constituents were rarely reported. In the present study, we summarized the chemical constituents and biological activities of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in published papers from 1990. The review indicates that nutritional and functional components are rich in Pseudostellaria heterophylla, including polysaccharides, cyclic peptides, glycosides, alkaloids, volatile compounds, organic acids, and phospholipids, which are responsible for the multiple effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, immune regulating, anti-hyperglycemic, cardio-protection, memory amelioration, anti-chronic ulcerative colitis, anti-tumor, and anti-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, the toxicity evaluation experiment of Pseudostellaria heterophylla has also shown that it has no obvious toxic and side effects. The summary of the chemical constituents and biological activities of Pseudostellaria heterophylla will provide references and basis for its utilization and development.