高压隔膜泵单向阀阀隙流场的冲蚀磨损特性分析

目的 探究高压隔膜泵单向阀阀隙流场冲蚀磨损产生的原因及主要影响因素。方法 基于固液两相流基本理论和冲蚀模型，考虑颗粒保护效应及磨蚀效应，采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟单向阀阀隙流场的冲蚀磨损行为，探究矿粉颗粒体积分数、颗粒粒径、单向阀半锥角、胶垫突出高度等参数对单向阀冲蚀磨损特性的影响。结果 矿粉颗粒紧贴阀芯壁面的剪切运动是造成阀芯发生冲蚀磨损失效的主要原因。当矿粉的体积分数由0.1增大到0.5时，由冲蚀造成的最大冲蚀磨损速率随之减小，由磨蚀造成的平均冲蚀磨损速率随之增大。当矿粉粒径为0.025~0.048 mm时，随着矿粉粒径的增大，平均冲蚀磨损速率随之增大。当矿粉粒径超过0.048 mm时，平均冲蚀磨损速率逐渐减小。当单向阀半锥角由30°增大到45°时，阀隙流场的最大流速由12.23 m/s减小至9.19 m/s，矿粉颗粒对阀芯壁面的最大冲蚀磨损速率减小了41.16%。阀隙流场的最大流速和冲蚀磨损速率随着胶垫突出高度h的增大而增大，同时位置也发生了相应变化。结论 矿粉颗粒体积分数的增加会加重粒子对阀芯壁面的损伤程度，随着粒径的增加，泵阀的最大冲蚀磨损速率先增大后减小，增大半锥角可以缓解颗粒对壁面的冲蚀磨损，增大胶垫突出高度会导致冲蚀磨损区域逐渐向胶垫突出位置集中。

Analysis of Erosion Wear Characteristics of Check Valve Gap Flow Field of High-pressure Diaphragm Pump

A reciprocating high-pressure diaphragm pump is the core power equipment of a long-distance slurry pipeline, which is very important in the actual long-distance transportation of fine iron ore. As a key component of the diaphragm pump, the check valve is prone to erosion wear, one of the main reasons for the failure of check valve. Therefore, the work aims to explore the causes and main affecting factors of erosion wear in the flow field of check valve gap of diaphragm pump, and improve the research system of pump valve failure mechanism, so as to provide a reference for the optimization design of pump valves in production practice. Based on the basic theory of solid-liquid two-phase flow and the erosion wear model, the operation mechanism and parameters of the check valve were integrated in consideration of the particle protection effect and the erosion effect, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate the erosion wear behavior of the check valve gap flow field. The erosion wear characteristics of the valve gap and the effects of parameters such as the volume fraction of the mineral powder particles, the particle size, the half cone angle of the check valve, and the height of the rubber pad on the erosion wear characteristics of the check valve were investigated. It was found that the erosion damage to the valve core wall was dominant in the slurry system, and the erosion wear of the pump valve was mainly caused by the erosion of the wall due to the shear movement of the particles close to the solid wall. The erosion wear of slag particles on the valve core mainly occurred on the side wall surface of the valve disc and the prominent position of the rubber pad structure. The slurry flow rate, slurry parameters and check valve structure parameters had a great effect on erosion wear. The increase in the volume fraction of the ore powder particles aggravated the damage degree of the particles on the wall surface of the valve core. When the volume fraction of the ore powder particles increased from 0.1 to 0.5, the maximum erosion wear rate caused by erosion decreased and the average erosion wear rate caused by erosion increased at three different inlet velocities. When the particle size of the ore powder was 0.025-0.048 mm, the average erosion wear rate increased with the increase of the particle size of the ore powder. When the particle size of the ore powder exceeded 0.048 mm, the average erosion wear rate gradually decreased. Increasing the half-cone angle could alleviate the erosion wear of the particles on the wall surface. When the half-cone angle of the check valve increased from 30° to 45°, the maximum flow velocity in the valve gap decreased from 12.23 m/s to 9.19 m/s, and the maximum erosion wear rate of the slag particles on the wall surface of the valve core decreased by 41.16%. The maximum flow velocity and erosion wear rate of the valve gap flow field increase with the increase of the height h of the gasket, and the erosion wear area gradually concentrates to the protruding position of the gasket.