4种植物精油对瓜实蝇毒杀及驱避作用

瓜实蝇 Bactrocera cucurbitae (Copullett)是我国瓜类蔬菜的重要入侵害虫, 为筛选出对瓜实蝇具有毒杀及驱避作用的植物精油, 室内测定了4种植物精油在不同浓度下对瓜实蝇的毒杀及产卵驱避效果, 并进行了田间验证。结果表明:4种植物精油对瓜实蝇成虫的毒杀效果随精油浓度升高而升高, 浓度为7 mg/mL和10 mg/mL的肉桂精油对瓜实蝇的毒杀效果极显著高于其他精油, 处理后24 h瓜实蝇校正死亡率分别为75.9%和100%;雌虫对冬青精油的嗅觉反应率为93.3%, 显著高于紫苏精油和山苍子精油。不同植物精油对雌虫产卵的驱避效果不同，当植物精油浓度为10 mg/mL时, 冬青精油对雌虫的产卵驱避率为69.04%, 显著高于其他精油。田间试验结果显示:不同植物精油对瓜实蝇成虫具有一定防控效果, 但处理间差异不显著, 可能是由于田间环境复杂、植物精油理化性质存在差异等因素导致。

Toxic and repellent effects of four plant essential oils on Bactrocera cucurbitae (Copullett)

Bactrocera cucurbitae (Copullett) is an important invasive insect pest of melon vegetables in China. In order to screen out plant essential oils with toxic and repellent effects on B. cucurbitae, the toxicity and oviposition repellent effects of four plant essential oils against B. cucurbitae were tested in the laboratory and verified in the field. The results showed that the toxicity of the four plant essential oils against B. cucurbitae adults increased with increasing concentrations of essential oils, and the toxicity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil was significantly higher than that of the other essential oils. The corrected mortality rates of B. cucurbitae were 75.9% and 100% 24 h after treated with 7 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of C. cassia essential oil, respectively. Female adults had significantly higher olfactory response rates (93.3%) to Ilex chinensis essential oil compared to Perilla frutescens and Litsea cubeba essential oils. Repellent effects of different plant essential oils on egg-laying varied, and I.chinensis essential oil had the best repellent effect (69.04%) at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. The results of field experiments showed that different plant essential oils had control effects on B. cucurbitae to some extents, but the tests did not meet expectations, which may be due to the complex field environment, physical and chemical properties of plant essential oils and other factors.