满足4~7岁儿童发展需求的户外隐匿游戏空间构建及其设施设计研究

目的 构建满足4~7岁儿童发展需求的户外隐匿游戏空间和游乐设施，以实现减少监护人对儿童游戏的监督和命令，保障儿童自由、自控游戏，帮助儿童增强自我认同意识、建立独立自信品格，并培养高情商交往能力。方法 首先针对4~7岁儿童游戏行为的心理行为特征和游戏行为特征进行分析，并探究游乐空间和设施对4~7岁儿童游戏行为及心理特征的影响，得到儿童发展需求对户外游戏空间及其设施的具体要求;其次，结合儿童自我发展和自主游戏的诉求，对儿童户外隐匿游戏空间及其设施的设计要点进行了分析;最后从儿童游乐空间和设施的主题确定、方案设计及效果展示三个阶段出发，构建满足4~7岁儿童发展需求的户外隐匿游戏空间及游乐设施。结果 构建了儿童不断深入参与的隐匿空间、参差自然与社会相恰的诗意隐匿空间、象征性分割迷宫三种不同特点的户外隐匿空间，可满足儿童自主游戏的需求;此外，隐匿空间中内置的与空间特征相适应的趣味性、操作力助益游乐设施，其造型、材质、色彩多方面的设计考虑，可以激发儿童想象力，增加儿童游戏热情，促进儿童的探索兴趣。结论 构建了可满足4~7岁儿童发展的游乐空间和设施的设计方案，有利于儿童身心的健康发展，也为4~7岁儿童游戏产业的发展提供新的设计思路和方向。

Construction of Outdoor Hidden Play Space and Facilities Design to Meet the Developmental Demand of Children from 4 to 7 Years Old

The work aims to construct outdoor hidden play space and facilities that cater to the developmental demand of children between the ages of 4 and 7, so as to minimize the need for adult supervision and regulation during children''s playtime, allow children to engage in free and self-directed play and support them in developing a strong sense of self-identity, fostering independence and self-assurance, and nurturing their emotional intelligence and social interaction abilities. The psychological and behavioral characteristics of children''s play behavior at the age of 4-7 were analyzed, and the effect of play space and facilities on children''s play behavior and psychological characteristics at the age of 4-7 was explored, so as to get the specific requirements of children''s developmental demand for outdoor play space and facilities. Then, in combination with children''s self-development and independent play, the key points of designing children''s outdoor hidden play space and facilities were analyzed. Finally, from the three phases of determining the theme, designing the scheme and demonstrating the effects of children''s play space and facilities, the outdoor hidden play space and facilities which could satisfy the developmental demand of children at the age of 4-7 were constructed. Three distinct types of outdoor hidden spaces were constructed, including a hidden space designed to facilitate deep participation among children, a poetic hidden space highlighting the contrast between nature and society, and a symbolic division labyrinth catering to children''s desire for independent play. Additionally, these hidden spaces incorporated engaging and manipulative amusement facilities in line with the specific attributes of each space. The design considerations for these facilities encompassed their shapes, materials, and colors, all of which aimed to stimulate children''s imaginations, enhance their enthusiasm for play, and foster their curiosity for exploration. The design scheme of play spaces and facilities aimed at promoting the development of children aged 4 to 7 is constructed, which is conductive to the enhancement of children''s physical and mental well-being and offers novel design concepts and guidance for the advancement of the play industry catering to children within this age group.