含能材料防护屏在球形弹丸超高速撞击下的穿孔特性研究

以空间碎片防护设计为工程应用背景,将亚稳态含能材料应用于空间碎片防护结构。利用二级轻气炮对聚四氟乙烯/铝(PTFE/Al)含能材料防护结构进行了不同面密度、不同弹丸直径、不同速度的超高速撞击实验,获得了撞击过程中的高速摄像图片及光学高温计信号。分析结果表明,含能材料防护屏超高速撞击瞬间发生了可靠的冲击起爆反应,根据反应度的不同可分为冲击爆轰区、破碎爆燃区、零反应破碎区3个区域。基于实验结果,建立了铝合金弹丸超高速撞击PTFE/Al含能材料防护屏穿孔直径的无量纲经验公式。利用实验与分析结果验证了数值模拟的有效性,获得了环境温度对PTFE/Al含能材料防护屏超高速撞击穿孔特性的影响规律。

Perforation Characteristics of Energetic Material Shield Induced by Hypervelocity Impact of Spherical Projectile

The metastable energetic materials were prepared for the space debris shield.Hypervelocity impact tests of PTFE/Al energetic material shield under the conditions of different areal densities,projectile diameters,and impact velocities were conducted by using two-stage light gas gun,and the high speed photographs and the signals from optical pyrometer during impacting were obtained.The analysis results show that the shock initiation of PTFE/Al energetic material shield occurs in the instant of hypervelocity impact,and the perforation process can be divided into three stages:shock detonation,fracture and deflagration,and zero reaction and crushing.A dimensionless empirical expression for perforation diameter of PTFE/Al shield is established based on the experimental results of hypervelocity impact.The effect of ambient temperature on the perforation characteristics of energetic material shield is investigated.