近代西医在中日两国传播之比较

16世纪中叶,西医学以天主教传教士为媒介,相继传入中日两国,但由于当时的政治、经济与社会文化差异,西医在两国的传播方式显著不同.在中国,西医的传播是先重理论,后趋实用;而在日本,西医的传播则以临床治疗为肇始,从技术上升到学理.因而,中日两国对西医学知识及医学体制的认识、移植和本土化也明显不同.日本本土西医群体的产生早于中国,其吸纳态度也较为积极主动,并且很快建立了国家医疗卫生体制.中国的相应情况明显落后于日本,并一度效法其成功经验.

Comparison between transmission of modern western medicine in China and Japan

In the middle period of the 16th century, western medicine had been introduced succes-sively into China and Japan by the medium of Catholic missionaries. The transmission mode of western med-icine in the two countries differed dramatically from each other due to the political, economic and social cul-tural differences of that time. In China, the transmission of western medicine focused on the theory first and transferred to the practical use later; while in Japan, it began with clinical treatment, then rose from the technology to the theory. As a result, the cognition to the western medical knowledge and medical system as well as the transplanting and localization in China and Japan were significantly different. The local western medical groups emerged earlier in Japan than in China, and the attitude toward western medicine was also more positive and a national health system was quickly established. The corresponding situation in China ob-viously lagged behind the one in Japan, and China learned from the successful experiences of Japan for a time.