马克思主义美学视域中的审美现代性问题研究

审美现代性是近现代以来西方学界一个重要的理论话题。在西方学者那里，审美现代性是与社会现代性相对立的概念，审美现代性在资本主义制度下发挥作用的方式主要是通过自律性的审美和艺术来批判物化现实，抵抗工具理性和资本逻辑对社会的控制，但也陷入了对历史进步的怀疑和悲观主义情绪之中。马克思主义美学看到了审美现代性与社会现代性不仅有对抗的一面，更有结合和相互依赖、相互促进的一面。马克思主义从历史唯物主义的高度，既充分肯定资本主义社会现代性的积极作用和进步意义，审美现代性的发展有赖于物质生产力的高度发达，也主张通过审美现代性克服社会现代性的阶段局限性、特定时期的片面性，进而促进人的自由全面发展。

Aesthetic Modernity in the Perspective of Marxism Aesthetics

Aesthetic modernity is an important theoretical point in the modern western academic circle. The western scholars think that aesthetic modernity is contrary to the social modernity and the way it functions in capital-ism system is that it criticizes materialization reality by self-discipline aesthetics and art and resists instrumental ra-tionality’s and the logic’s control over the society. However, it also falls into the skepticism of the progress of history and pessimism. Marxism aesthetics notices that aesthetic modernity and social modernity has not only an antagonistic relationship, but also an inter-dependency relationship. Marxism historic materialism highly praises social modernity of capitalism system and insists aesthetic modernity depends on the material productive forces. What is more, Marxism asserts that aesthetic modernity may surmount the limitations and one-sidedness of the social modernity and promote the comprehensive development of human freedom.