梅州地区匙吻鲟、鳙鱼和鲢鱼重金属含量的测定与评价

试验采用电感耦合等离子体原子放射光谱法(ICP-AES)分别测定了广东梅州地区匙吻鲟、鳙鱼和鲢鱼体内7种重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mn)含量,并进行分析与评价.结果表明:该3种鱼体内必需金属元素Fe、Zn和Cu在不同组织中的含量均高于非必需元素Cd和Pb.同时,该3种鱼体不同组织对重金属的富集不一致,其中Cd、Cu、Fe在肝胰脏中富集水平分别高于其它组织.根据"单因子污染指数"分析表明,该3种鱼体不同组织受到Pb、Cd、Cr和Cu不同程度的污染,其污染水平由高至低为Pb>Cr>Cd>Cu.其中Pb污染最严重,该3种鱼的大多数组织为重污染水平;其次为Cr,鱼的大多数组织为微污染-轻污染水平;而Cd和Cu只在少数组织中已超出我国食品安全标准.根据"综合污染指数"分析显示,该3种鱼18个被测组织中约40%属于轻度污染水平,其它为无污染水平.其中,匙吻鲟各组织的"综合污染指数"最高,除了背肌之外其它组织均为轻度污染水平;鲢鱼约50%组织为轻度污染水平;鳙鱼为无污染水平.综上所述,匙吻鲟、鳙鱼和鲢鱼不同组织分别受到Pb、Cd、Cr和Cu的污染,其中匙吻鲟"综合污染指数"最高,表明梅州水域生态环境或渔业安全生产已存在重金属污染的安全隐患.

The Determination and Evaluation of Heavey Metal Content in Polyodon Spathula,Aristichthys Nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix from Meizhou Areas

The concentrations of heavy metals （ Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn） of paddlefish Polyodon spathu-la, bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix from Meizhou area of Guangdong province were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP- AES） and evalua- ted the consumption risk. Results showed that the enrichment levels of the essential heavy metals of Fe, Zn and Cu were higher than those of the nonessential element of Cd and Pb. Meanwhile the enrichment levels of heavy metals varied in different kinds of tissues in the fishes. The average content of heavy metals in the hepatopancreas of the fi- shes was higher than that in the other tissues of the fishes. Based on the analysis of ＂the pollution index of single factor＂, the three species of fishes, to one degree or another, were polluted by Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu. And pollution level were mostly followed the order of Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Cu. The indexes of Pb in the most tissues of the three spe- cies of fishes were in levels of ＂serious pollution＂ and the indexes of Cr were in levels of ＂mild pollution＂. And the indexes of Cd and Cu in a few tissues of the fishes exceeded the national safety criteria for food in China too. Based on ＂the pollution index of synthetic factor＂ of Pb, Cr, Cd and Cu, about 40% tissues of the 18 kinds of the deter-minded tissues were in levels of ＂mild degree pollution＂, and the other tissues were in levels of no pollution. A- mong the total, ＂the pollution indexes of synthetic factor＂ of all tissue of paddlefish were higher than those of other fishes. Except for dorsal muscles, the tissues of the paddlefish were in levels of ＂mild degree pollution＂. About 50% tissues of the silver carp were in levels of ＂mild degree pollution＂ and the tissues of the bighead carp were in levels of ＂no pollution＂. In summary, paddlefish, bighead carp and silver carp were polluted by Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu to some extent and ＂the pollution index of synthetic factor＂ of paddlefish was highest among the three species of fishes, which indicated that hidden danger of heavy metals pollution was present in ecological environment or safetyin fishery production in area of Meizhou.