劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响研究

借鉴已有相关研究成果,将劳动力转移、农业技术水平与城乡居民收入差距联系起来思考,可以具体地考察劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的影响.文章以农业技术水平作为门槛变量,选取2009—2019年中国31个省份的面板数据,利用泰尔指数测定城乡收入差距,以劳动力转移作为核心解释变量构建面板门槛模型,实证得出劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距的非线性影响.研究发现:劳动力转移可以缩小城乡居民收入差距,且该影响具有单一门槛效应.在农业技术水平较低时,劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距收敛效应较小;当农业技术水平越过门槛值达到较高水平后,劳动力转移对缩小城乡居民收入差距的效果几乎增加了一倍.此后,通过替换解释变量泰尔指数为城乡人均可支配收入比、替换核心解释变量农业技术水平为农业生产效率重新建立面板门槛模型,发现上述结论仍然成立,其检验结果具有较强的稳健性.文章将农业技术进步、劳动力转移、城乡居民收入差距这三个重要变量纳入同一模型框架中,在加深劳动力流动影响城乡居民收入差距这一视角的研究的同时,对缩小城乡居民收入差距政策的制定提供了重要的参考意义.

Study on nonlinear impact of labor transfer on income gap between urban and rural residents

Based on the previous studies, linking labor force transfer, agricultural technology level and urban-rural income gap, we can specifically examine the impact of labor transfer on urban-rural income gap. Using the provincial panel data of China from 2009 to 2019, this paper takes agricultural technology level as the threshold variable, the Theil index as urban-rural income gap, labor transfer as the core explanatory variables to construct a panel threshold mode which empirically concludes that labor transfer has an nonlinear impact of on the urban-rural income gap. It is found that the transfer of labor force can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the effect has a single threshold effect. When the agricultural technology is in low level, the effect of labor transfer on the convergence of the urban-rural income gap is small; when the agricultural technology level crosses the threshold and enters the higher level, the effect of labor transfer on narrowing the urban-rural income gap almost increases doubled. By replacing the explanatory variable Theil index with the ratio of per capita disposable income in urban and rural areas, and the core explanatory variable agricultural technology level with agricultural production efficiency, the robustness test shows the above conclusion still holds.In this paper, the three important variables of agricultural technology progress, labor force transfer and the urban-rural income gap are brought into one model framework. While deepening the research from the perspective of labor mobility affecting the urban-rural income gap, it provides an important reference for the formulation of the policy of narrowing the urban-rural income gap.