化学法处理油页岩渣制备白炭黑的研究

以油页岩渣为原料,分别用酸浸法和碱溶法制备了白炭黑。酸浸法主要是先用浓盐酸溶解其中的铁和铝的化合物,然后再用氢氧化钠处理剩下的残渣,得到白炭黑。而碱法与其相反,先用碱煮,将其中主要的二氧化硅和铝的化合物溶解,再用酸回收剩余的铁。试验结果表明酸法处理油页岩渣工艺的白炭黑提取率为22.1%,碱法处理油页岩渣工艺的白炭黑提取率为30.6%,碱法工艺比酸法工艺优越。进一步探讨了碱法处理油页岩渣制备白炭黑工艺的反应温度、反应时间以及碱浓度等对白炭黑提取率的影响,较佳工艺条件为:反应温度100℃、反应时间4.0h、NaOH/SiO2=4,该条件下白炭黑提取率可达48.5%。化学法处理油页岩渣制备白炭黑可使油页岩渣得到充分合理的利用,实现废物资源化。

Research on Preparation of White Carbon Black from Oil Shale Residue by Chemical Way

White carbon black was prepared by acid leaching and alkali dissolving using oil shale residue as materials.When acid leaching was conducted,the iron aluminides were dissolved first,then the residue was treated by sodium hydroxide to get white carbon black.On the contrary,when alkali dissolving was conducted,alkali heating went first,dissolving the compounds of silicon dioxide and aluminum,then iron was recovered by acid.The experi-mental result showed that the technology of alkali dissolving is better than that of acid leaching,the leaching rate of acid leaching is 22.1%,alkali 30.6%.Thus,the optimum technological condition by alkali dissolving was determined:the reaction temperature is 100℃,the reaction time is 4h,the ratio of NaOH to SiO2 is 4.Under this condition,the leaching rate of white carbon black can reach 48.5%.The oil shale residue can be utilized rationally,realizing waste recovery.