机车轮缘磨耗对轮轨接触状况的影响

针对机车运行中出现轮缘磨耗严重这一问题, 统计苏家屯机务段电力机车轮对检修记录, 将轮缘磨耗过程可以分为3 个阶段:初期磨耗阶段、磨耗稳定阶段和后期磨耗阶段。建立不同磨耗时期的轮轨弹塑性接触模型, 运用有限元方法进行计算分析。计算结果表明:车轮轮缘厚度从32mm磨耗到27mm这个过程, 轮缘上的接触等效应力相对较小, 轮缘磨耗速度在整个磨耗过程中最低;机车车轮镟修或换轮后在磨耗后线路上运行, 标准车轮与磨耗钢轨的型面匹配状况不佳, 接触等效应力集中在车轮轮缘上, 运行初期轮缘磨耗较快。得出的结论有助于设计出更好的轮轨型面来降低轮缘磨耗。

EFFECTS OF FLANGE WEAR ON THE WHEEL/RAIL CONTACT STATUS OF LOCOMOTIVE

Aiming at solving the problem of serious wear on the wheel flange in locomotives running process, the maintenance records of electric locomotive wheels from Sujiatun were analyzed. The flange wear process can be divided into three stages: an initial wear stage, a stable wear stage and a late wear stage. Different wheel/rail elastic-plastic contact models were established to simulate different wear stages. The finite element method was used to calculate and analyze. The results show that in the process of flange thickness varying from 32mm to 27mm, the contact equivalent stress on the flange is relatively minor, and that the wear rate of the flange is the lowest. When the repaired or replaced wheel running on the worn rail, the standard wheel and the worn rail contact in a bad condition, and the contact equivalent stress concentrates on the wheel the flange leads to a rapid wear of flange in the early running stage. The conclusions can help to design better wheel/rail profiles to reduce flange wear.