溢洪道阶梯陡槽段水面掺气位置试验与计算探讨

外凸型阶梯式消能工是应用于溢洪道陡槽段上的一种新型的辅助消能工。目前溢洪道陡槽段外凸型阶梯式消能工已在水利工程中得到了应用,但对此类型阶梯式消能工水力特性的研究成果仍较少。本文在5种坡度比和不同阶梯体型(包括阶梯高度、阶梯间距等参数)的阶梯陡槽溢洪道水力模型试验研究的基础上,对溢洪道阶梯陡槽段水力特性进行研究探讨,分析了陡槽段坡度比、阶梯跌坎体型参数等对溢洪道陡槽段泄流流态的影响,并将阶梯陡槽段泄流分为光滑水流区和掺气水流区两部分,提出了外凸型阶梯陡槽段水面掺气断面位置和水深的计算公式。本文研究成果可为溢洪道阶梯陡槽段沿程水面线和消能计算提供参考。

Discussion on inception point of aeration on stepped chute spillway based on experimental research

The outer bulging step energy dissipater is one type energy dissipater in chute spillway,and has been applied in water projects.Research work on its hydraulic characteristics has not been well reported so far.Based on hydraulic model tests of spillways with 5 types of chute slope and step configuration parameters including step height and step spacing,the hydraulic characteristics of stepped chute spillway are discussed.The flow over the stepped chute could be divided into two parts: clear flow part and aerated flow part.Some formulas for calculating the aerated inception point and water depth in the stepped chute spillway are introduced in this paper.The results would lay a foundation for calculating flow profile and energy dissipation in the stepped chute spillway.