共刺激后淋巴细胞产生Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化及免疫抑制剂的影响

目的 探讨CD28、CD40通路共刺激后淋巴细胞产生Th1(IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-12)及Th2细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)的变化及免疫抑制剂环孢素(CsA)、雷帕霉素(RPM)及霉酚酸(MPA)对共刺激通路激活后淋巴细胞产生Th1及Th2细胞因子的影响.方法采用单克隆抗体(mAb)与淋巴细胞表面CD3、CD28及CD40L分子结合产生相应刺激信号,单刺激及共刺激组分为:a组,CD3 mAb单刺激;b组,CD3 mAb加CD28 mAb共刺激;c组,CD3 mAb加CD28 mAb加CD40 L mAb共刺激;d组,CD3 mAb加CD28 mAb加CTLA4 mAb共刺激.各mAb的终浓度均为100 ng/ml.干预组分别将终浓度为300 ng/ml的CsA、RPM、MPA加入上述4组.ELISA法测定上述细胞培养上清中的细胞因子值.结果 a、b、c 3组IFN-γ分别为(248.91±11.20)、(555.08±24.42)、(548.19±33.06)ng/ml,IL-2分别为(29.48±8.61)、(1100.82±99.29)、(842.23±29.31)ng/ml,IL-4分别为(32.29±6.76)、(116.02±15.03)、(147.28±18.07)ng/ml,IL-10分别为(147.01±10.47)、(291.79±12.47)、(302.52±35.18)ng/ml.b、c组与a组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);b、c组IL-2、IL-12、IL-4比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).d组IFN-γ、IL-2及IL-10分别为(497.42±29.03)、(739.77±18.58)及(120.33±13.21)ng/ml,与b组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CsA、RPM及MPA对共刺激后Th1/Th2细胞因子的产生均有抑制作用,CsA对4种细胞因子产生的抑制作用强于RPM和MPA,其中对IL-2及IL-4的抑制作用更为明显.CsA与CTLA4 mAb有协同作用.共刺激后IL-12产生升高,MPA可抑制单刺激和共刺激后IL-12的产生,CsA和RPM对IL-12的产生无明显抑制作用.结论 CD28、CD40共刺激通路在淋巴细胞活化中起关键作用.CsA、RPM、MPA及CTLA4 mAb对共刺激后Th1/Th2细胞因子的产生均有抑制作用,CsA的抑制作用更为明显.CD40 L mAb使Th1细胞因子及IL-12水平下降,又促进Th2细胞因子(以IL-4为主)产生,该作用可能是抗CD40 L抗体诱导移植物存活期延长的机制之一.

Effects of immunosuppressants on co-stimulated lymphocyte's Th1/Th2 cytokine production

Objective To analyze the effect of cyclosporin A(CsA), rapamycin(RPM) and macophenolic acid(MPA) on the co-stimulated lymphocytes, CD28 and CD40, and their production of Th1/Th2 cytokine, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12. Methods The experimental groups were divided into ①mono-stimulating and co-stimulating groups: CD3 mAb mono-stimulating (group a),CD3 mAb+CD28 mAb co-stimulating (group b), CD3 mAb+CD28 mAb+CD40 L mAb co-stimulating(group c), CD3 mAb+CD28 mAb+CTLA4 mAb co-stimulating (group d). ②CsA groups: 300 ng/ml of CsA was added to group a, b, c and d. ③RPM groups: 300 ng/ml of RPM was added to group a,b, c and d. ④MPA groups:300 ng/ml of MPA was added to group a, b, c and d. The cytokine production was measured by ELISA.Results The co-stimulated CD28 and CD40 Th1/Th2 cytokines production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased. Compared with group a, IFN-γ increased from (248.91±11.20)ng/ml to (555.08±24.42)ng/ml and (548.19±33.06)ng/ml, IL-2 increased from (29.48±8.61)ng/ml to (1100.82±99.29)ng/ml and (842.23±29.31)ng/ml, IL-4 increased from (32.29±6.76)ng/ml to (116.02±15.03)ng/ml and (147.28±18.07)ng/ml, IL-10 increased from (147.01±10.47)ng/ml to (291.79±12.47)ng/ml and (302.52±35.18)ng/ml,respectively, P＜0. 01. Compared group b with group c, the Th1 cytokines production was decreased.IL-2 and IL-12 decreased (P＜0.05). The Th2 cytokine IL-4 production was increased (P＜0. 05).CTLA4 mAb and three other immunosuppressants, CsA, RPM and MPA, inhibited co-stimulated lymphocyte's both cytokines Th1 and Th2 production. The inhibitory effect of CsA on Th1/Th2 cytokine production was more significant than RPM and MPA did. The co-inhibitory effect of CTLA4 mAb and CsA was observed as well. The increased co-stimulated CD28 and CD40 IL-12 production could be suppressed by MPA. CsA and RPM had no inhibitory effect on the IL-12 production.Conclusions CD28/CD40 co-stimulatory pathway plays the key role in lymphocyte activation and Th1/Th2 cytokine production. CsA, RPM and MPA can inhibit co-stimulated lymphocyte's Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. CsA and CTLA4 mAb have co-inhibitory effect on co-stimulated lymphocyte's Th1/Th2 cytokines production. CD40 L mAb decreases the Th1 cytokines production(including IL-12) and increases the Th2 (mainly IL-4) production, which may be the mechanism of its longevity effect on allograft.