Optimal European cooperative supply chains for carbon capture,transport, and sequestration with costs share policies

In the past decades, CO₂ constituted nearly the 80% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions therefore, global actions are needed to tackle the increase of carbon concentration in the atmosphere. CO₂ (carbon) capture and storage has been highlighted among the most promising options to decarbonize the energy and industry sectors. Considering a large-scale infrastructure at European level, economic cooperation has been highlighted as a key requirement to relieve single countries from too high risk and commitment. This article proposes an economic optimization for cooperative supply chains for CO₂ capture and storage, by adopting policies that balance the spread of costs among countries, according to local characteristics in terms of population, CO₂ emissions, and macroeconomic outcome. Results show that the additional European investment for cooperation (max. +2.6% with respect to a noncooperative network) should not constitute a barrier toward the installation and operation of such more effective network designs.