新疆野生郁金香与栽培品种的杂交性状

为研制具有自主知识产权的郁金香（Tulipa gesneriana）新种质，本实验选择6种栽培郁金香品种为母本，5种野生郁金香为父本进行杂交试验。结果显示，平均受精率为（84．8±3．5）％，母本受精率最高的是克斯奈丽斯，平均为（94．0±2．3）％，受精率最低的是蒙特卡罗，平均为（71．0±3．8）％。果实发育1个月最高坐果率为100．0％，平均为（75．2±4．1）％，2个月最高坐果率为（90．0±3．6）％，平均为（47．0±3．4）％；杂交种子平均结实率为24．3％。研究结果表明，母本与杂交组合对受精率、坐果率和结实率有显著影响，父本则没有显著影响：杂交组合小黑人×伊犁郁金香、小黑人×柔毛郁金香及小黑人X天山郁金香亲合性较好，其杂交种子结实率分别为78．2％、68．4％和57．5％。

Characters of Crossing of Botanical Tulipa Species from Xinjiang and Tulipa gesneriana Cultivars

Cross-breeding experiments were carried out between 6 Tulipa gesneriana cultivars and 5 botanical Tulipa species from Xinjiang. The mean, maximum and minimum rates of fecundation were （84.8±3.5）%, 100.0% and （53.3±4.5）%, respectively. T. gesneriana ＇Kees Nelis＇ had the highest mean rate of fecundation （94.0±2.3）% and T. gesneriana ‘Monte Carlo＇ the lowest （71.0±3.8）%. The highest rate of fruit bearing within 30 days after crossing was 100.0% and the mean rate was （75.2±4.1）% but decreased to （90.0±3.6）% and （47.0±3.4）%, respectively after 60 days. The mean rate of seed setting among the combinations was 24.3%. Both the effect of the 5 male parents and the difference among the 5 male parents on the cross characteristics were not significant, whereas the 6 female parents and the combinations of parents had significant effects on the cross characteristics. The favorable combinations were T. gesneriana ‘Negrita＇ ×T. iliensis Regel, T. gesneriana ‘Negrita＇ ×T. buheseana Boiss, and T. gesneriana ‘Negrita＇×T. tianschanica Regel, with rates of seed setting being 78.2%, 68.4% and 57.5%, respectively.