水库异重流潜入点流速分布及其判别式改进

异重流潜入条件是描述异重流潜入运动的关键参量。异重流潜入条件中含沙量与潜入弗如德数为隐性关系，是由于以往研究对潜入点垂线流速分布未能给出适当的数学表达式。通过对异重流潜入点处垂线流速分布物理图形的数学分析，利用小浪底水库2004-2015年调水调沙期异重流潜入点资料，得到水库浑水异重流潜入动量修正系数理论值1.2，小浪底水库实测值为1.13，均为常数。在此基础上，对异重流动量修正系数进行水槽试验资料和实测资料验证，推导获得了新的水库异重流潜入点判别关系式，小浪底水库和三门峡水库实测资料计算结果表明，该流速分布可以描述潜入处的流速分布状况，新的潜入点判别式更符合实际。该成果可为小浪底水库调水调沙预案编制和数学模拟提供技术支撑。

Vertical Velocity Distribution and Improved Discriminant Formula of Turbidity Current at the Plunging Point in Reservoir

The discriminant formula is a mathematics formula which can decide whether turbidity current plunges.There are an implicit relation between in the discriminant of plunging point,due to the past researchers ignoring or hard to give the mathematics formula on the vertical velocity distribution at the point which could not directly discrete sediment content from Froude number.With mathematic analysis on surveyed data and experiments,physical figure of vertical velocity distribution was decided by parabola.Based on plunging point data during water and sediment regulation period in Xiaolangdi reservoir in 2001 to 2015,and data from tests on physical model of Xiaolangdi reservoir, empirical coefficient of the vertical velocity distribution formula at the point was acquired with calibration,which revealed the theoretical hypothesis was right.Then the momentum correction factor of turbidity current in reservoir is obtained respectively by 1.2 in theory and 1.13,which were closely.Based on the above research,an improved discriminant formula is validated by the data of flumes by Fan Jiahua^13],Cao Ruxuan^14] and Jiao Enze^15],surveyed data of Xiaolangdi reservoir in 2001 to 2005,and data from tests on physical model of Xiaolangdi reservoir.The prediction results of the formula by data from Xiaolangdi reservoir and Sanmenxia reservoir were pretty well with the surveyed.This could be applied in water and sediment regulation program compilation and numerically simulating in sediment-laden reservoirs.