短缺资源类型与供需趋势分析

短缺资源是指在一定时空范围和一定技术经济条件下,因需求量大于供给量而产生明显缺口的资源。按照短缺资源的分类,中国战略性短缺资源主要有石油、耕地和淡水,三者对国家安全和社会经济发展具有全局性和长远性影响。中国非战略性短缺资源主要有森林、富铁矿、铬铁矿、铜矿和钾盐等。随着经济的发展,人口的继续增长,从本世纪初到本世纪中叶,上述各种短缺资源的短缺数量增加,短缺程度趋于加剧。解决中国短缺资源的供需矛盾,需要从多种途径综合考虑:①多元化利用国外资源,弥补国内资源短缺;②建立战略资源储备体系,应付突发危机;③节约、替代和综合利用降低资源消耗;④强化资源保护,提高资源再生能力;⑤依靠科技进步,寻求解决短缺资源的新途径。

The types of deficient resources and the trend of supply and demand

Deficient resource means resources insufficiency because the demand has exceeded the supply in a certain temporo-spatial scope and under certain economic and technical condi -tions.According to the classification of deficient resources,oil,cultivated land and fresh water are strategic deficient resources,which have a great impact on social-economic development and national security in China.Forest,rich iron ore,chromite,copper and sylvite are non-strategic deficient resources.With economic development and growth of population,the amount of short-age of the above-mentioned resources will increase and deficient level will be intensified during the period from the beginning to the mid21st century.In order to solve the problem compre-hensive measures should be implemented:(1)meeting the demand of deficient resources by us-ing foreign resources through various channels;(2)establishing resources strategic reserve for dealing with resources crisis;(3)reducing resources consumption by saving,replacing and com-prehensive utilizing;(4)resources improving the capacity of renewable resources by strengthen-ing protection of renewable resources;and(5)seeking for new ways to solve the shortage prob-lems based on the innovation of science and technology.