以问题为基础的健康教育方法在预防出生缺陷中的应用

目的比较预防出生缺陷健康教育过程中,传统的健康教育模式与以问题为基础的健康教育(PBL)方法下,育龄妇女相关知识的知晓率和生育相关健康生活方式的改善,探索预防出生缺陷更为有效的健康教育方法。方法采取类试验对照研究的方法,观察组运用以问题为基础的健康教育(PBL)方法,对照组运用传统的健康教育模式开展相关活动,通过健康教育开展前后的问卷调查了解两组育龄妇女相关知识掌握情况和出生缺陷预防相关行为情况。结果观察组对国家免费救助政策知晓,对产前检查认知,对国家免费产前筛查政策知晓,对孕前优生检查认知,对生育年龄、预防感染认知,出生缺陷概念,对产前检查预防出生缺陷认知,对叶酸预防出生缺陷认知,出生缺陷与夫妻双方有关系认知,对有吸烟或饮酒习惯的夫妇计划怀孕停止不良习惯认知,饮食备孕,关注生活辐射,怀孕(含备孕)期间服用叶酸,进行孕前优生检查,经常参加健康教育活动的构成比明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论为了预防出生缺陷,对育龄妇女采取两种健康教育模式都能有效提高相关知识的知晓率,但运用以问题为基础的健康教育方法(PBL式),能更有效地改善其生育健康相关生活方式。

Application of problem-based health education in prevention of birth defects

Objective To compare the awareness rate of reproductive-related knowledge and the improvement of reproductiverelated healthy lifestyle between traditional health education model and problem-based health education(PBL)in the process of health education for prevention birth defects,and to explore more effective health education methods for prevention birth defects.Methods Similar experimental control method was used.PBL was used in the observation group and traditional health education mode was used in the control group.Questionnaire survey was conducted before and after health education to understand the knowledge and behavior of women of childbearing age in the two groups.Results The awareness rate of national free assistance policy,prenatal examination,national free prenatal screening policy,prenatal eugenics examination,reproductive age,prevention of infection,concept of birth defects,prenatal examination to prevent birth defects,folic acid to prevent birth defects,the relationship between birth defects and husband and wife,and smoking or drinking,and the proportion of the couples with alcohol habits plan to stop bad habits during pregnancy,preparation for pregnancy by diet,paying attention to life radiation,taking folic acid during pregnancy(including pregnancy preparation),receiving prenatal eugenics examination,and often participation in health education activities in the observation group were higher than those in the control group.The difference is statistically significant.Conclusion In order to prevent birth defects,both of the health education models can effectively improve the awareness rate of relevant knowledge for women of childbearing age.However,PBL method can more effectively improve their lifestyle related to reproductive health.