国内公路隧道运营期交通事故统计及伤亡状况评价

为更好地了解我国公路隧道运营期交通事故整体特征及伤亡状况，对2001-2017年国内发生的121起公路隧道交通事故开展统计分析，分别从事故发生的地理位置、事故发生时间、事故类型、事故车辆类型以及伤亡情况进行统计分析。结果表明： 1)事故发生量与该地区公路客货运输量成正相关，但西北地区和华南地区事故量占比远大于其交通运输量的占比； 2)事故类型以车辆相撞为主，且轿车发生的事故数量最多； 3)每年1、4、5月的事故发生量较多，每天16:00-18:00事故发生率最高； 4)中隧道（500 m<L≤1 000 m）的事故平均伤亡人数最高。最后结合交通事故伤亡情况等级划分，分析各因素对事故伤亡影响权重，得到造成伤亡的最不利组合为“特长隧道+货车+追尾事故”。

Statistics on Traffic Accidents Occurred in Operating Highway Tunnels in China and Their Casualties Evaluation

It is very important to learn the overall characteristics and casualty condition of highway tunnels in China during operating phase. The 121 traffic accident cases of highway tunnel occurred from 2001 to 2017 are collected and analyzed; and all of the cases are classified according to locations, types, times and casualties. The study results show that: (1) The amount of accident is directly proportional to the quantity of highway passenger and freight in the area; but the proportion of accident amount is far greater than that of transportation in the Northwest China and South China. (2) The accidents are mainly vehicle collisions; and the amount of car accident is the most. (3) There are more accidents in January, April and May; and the accident rate is the highest during 16:00 to 18:00. (4) The maximum average number of the casualty is mainly occurred in the medium length tunnel (longer than 500 m and shorter than 1 000 m). Furthermore, based on the traffic accident casualty level grading, the impact weights of different factors on accident casualty are discussed. The most unfavorable combination resulting in the serious tunnel casualty is the super long tunnel + truck passing through + rear end collision.