牙齿三维数据模型的建立

牙齿的解剖形态学研究是口腔医学的重要基础内容之一。了解和掌握人类牙齿外观形态和内部构造，对口腔医学的各个领域诸如：日腔修复、口腔内科、日脏外科和日腔正畸的教学、临床和科研都是非常必要的。本研究通过对离体恒牙以黑色树脂包埋，用数控磨床每隔２００Ｐｍ间距逐层磨除，拍摄照片并将图象输人计算机的方法，构成了每个牙齿的三维数据模型。该模型可逼真地显示在计算机屏幕上，可从任意选定的角度观察和从任意平面剖开，从而成为易于理解记忆的可视化教材，为日腔医学邻域中牙体解剖学的学习提供了方便的条件。这一系列的数据和相应的牙的图象、精度远高于美国著名的“数据亚当”的颅颌牙列部分，每个牙齿还能被单独地进行处理，能充分满足口腔医学专业的特点和需要。本研究建立的数据牙模型从标本制备到图象输人和三维重建各环节均有创新，为计算机图象图形技术、ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ技术、虚拟现实技术在口腔医学邻域中的应用推广奠定了重要基础。

The Reconstruction of Three dimensional Data Teeth

Dental anatomy is one of the most important basic xcourses in the education of stomatology. The deep understanding and skillful master of both the external and internal morphologic characters are closely interrelated to the teaching, research and clinical practices of almost all the branches of dentistry such as prosthodontics, orthodontics, oral surgery, endodontics and periodontics o in present study, 32 teehth from a skull specimen of a young male were separately invested by black fluid resin in special containers. After the black resin was solidfied, the teeth were ground by a numerical controlled grinding machine in 200 per layer. layer. Black and white pictures were taken to get sequence of two dimensional images of the tooth sections. After pattern recognition,the sections were aligned so that all the images of a tooth were piled up in interval of 200 to reconstruct a data tooth. Anatomical marks such as cusps, ridges, developmental grooves, fossae and coordinate marks were clearly observed from all angles. Such a data tooth could also be cut in arbitrarily section. These data teeth and dentition could function as a computerized teaching material. Its accura cy is much higher than the famous Digital Adam who was reconstructed by the layers will thickness of lmm(1000 ). Another advantage of these data teeth is that every tooth could be independently treated so that, the peculiarity and requirement of stomatology could be fully satisfied. The present study developed a serices of new techniques about the model preparation, the image inputand the 3D reconstruction. These data teeth and denotations laid a very important foundation for the applications of computer image processing, CAD/CAM and VR in the stomatology.