中国氮肥消费状况及其发展展望

中国氮肥的消费在经历了快速的波动性增长以后,近年来的增长趋势变慢。通过对全国农技中心2003年统计数据和2000年农户调查数据的分析,阐明了我国氮肥消费的空间分布、品种结构和农作物需求状况;并指出了农作物氮肥施用中存在传统施肥习惯影响氮肥消费结构,氮肥施用面积不足、适量和超量各占三分之一,施肥方式影响肥料利用率,氮肥价格的上涨也影响氮肥消费结构等问题。因此,中国氮肥总消费量增长的趋势并不明朗。目前开展的测土配方施肥行动和减少氮肥农田损失的措施都会不同程度地影响未来氮肥的消费结构。

Consumption Situation of Nitrogenous Fertilizers in China and Prospects for Development

The consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers in China has experionced a rapid fluctuating growth,but in recent years the trend of increase becomes slower.By an analysis of the statistical data of 2003 from the National Agricultural Technology Center and the data of peasant household survey in 2000,the conditions are depicted of the spatial distribution and product mix of the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers in China and the crop demand.It is also pointed out that traditional fertilizer application practice exists in the application of nitrogenous fertilizers on crops,affecting the consumption structure of nitrogenous fertilizers,rendering the areas applied with the fertilizer inadequate,while application in approproate amount and in excess occupies one-third each,the way of fertilizer applicatior in fluences the utilization ratio of the fertilizers,and the rise in price of the fertilizers has an effect on the consumption structure of the fertilizers,too.Therefore,the trend of increase in total consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers in China is not clear,and the action taken in fertilizer application based on soil analysis and formulation and the measures for decreasing the loss of nitrogenous fertilizers in farmland will also affect the future of the consumption structure of the fertilizers to varying degrees.