导电水凝胶的制备及应用研究进展

导电水凝胶是一类将亲水性基质和导电介质有机结合的新型水凝胶，具有较高的柔韧性、可调的力学性能和优异的电化学性能，在柔性电子设备等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了导电水凝胶材料的研究前沿和动态，介绍了导电水凝胶的分类及制备方法，讨论了导电水凝胶的结构设计与性能，重点阐述了导电水凝胶材料的应用研究进展，归纳了导电水凝胶材料面临的问题与挑战，并展望了导电水凝胶材料的发展趋势，指出采用天然可再生资源为原料开发具有高导电性、力学性能稳定、耐极端温度、生物相容性和生物可降解的导电水凝胶将成为下一步研究重点，同时优化柔性电子装置、提高器件输出稳定性也将成为重要的研究方向之一。导电水凝胶的制备及应用研究将促进柔性电子功能材料领域的快速发展。

Research progress in preparation and application of conductive hydrogels

Conductive hydrogels, a type of novel hydrogels which organically combine hydrophilic matrix and conductive medium, have plentiful insights and opportunities in flexible electronic devices and other fields because of their excellent flexibility, adjustable mechanical properties and outstanding electrochemical performances. In this review, the research frontiers and trends of conductive hydrogel materials were provided. The methods of classification and preparation of conductive hydrogels were introduced, and their design and performance of conductive hydrogels were discussed. Furthermore, the application research progress of conductive hydrogel materials was expounded thoroughly, and their problems and challenges were concluded. Finally, the development trend of conductive hydrogel materials was prospected, and it was pointed out that the use of natural raw materials in the exploration of conductive hydrogels with high conductivity, stable mechanical properties, extreme temperature tolerance, biocompatibility and biodegradability would be the focus of further research, while optimizing flexible electronic devices and improving the output stability of devices would also become an important research direction. The research on the fabrications and applications of conductive hydrogels can promote the rapid development of flexible electronic functional materials.