黑龙江省黑土地质量评价指标体系构建

黑土地是肥力较高、适合进行农业耕作的土地,作为全国第一的黑土地大省,由于土壤侵蚀和长期高强度重用轻养等原因,黑龙江省出现了黑土流失、地力下降等问题。研究旨在建立黑土地质量评价指标体系,为评价黑土地质量等级,继而采取不同的保护措施提升黑土地质量提供依据。为突出黑土地特征,考虑代表性、易获取等原因选取了4个一级指标及23个二级指标构建黑土地质量评价体系,并提出黑土地质量综合评价指数,识别各种土地利用类型下的土壤质量等级。研究结果表明：选取土壤厚度、土壤养分、土壤酸碱度和土壤侵蚀作为一级评价指标,黑土层厚度、有机质含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、pH等作为二级指标,利用黑土地质量综合评价指数,可以较好评价黑土地质量的改善或恶化情况,从而确定黑土地质量等级;运用该指标体系和评价方法跟踪黑龙江省黑土地质量变化趋势,可为评价各种保护措施的实施效果和落实情况提供科学的依据。

Construction of Black Soil Quality Evaluation Index System in Heilongjiang Province

Black soil has higher fertility and is suitable for agricultural cultivation. As the largest black soil province in China, due to soil erosion and long time high strength of overuse, Heilongjiang Province has the problems of black soil run off and fertility decline. The study established a black soil quality evaluation index system to improve the quality of black soil with different protective measures according to its quality grade. To embody the characteristics of black soil, taking representativeness and accessibility into consideration, the authors selected 4 first-class indexes and 23 second-class indexes to construct the black soil quality evaluation index system, then used the comprehensive evaluation index of black soil to determine the quality grade of various land use types. The results showed that the fist-class indexes of thickness of soil layer, soil nutrient, soil acidity and alkalinity and soil erosion, and the second-class indexes of thickness of black soil layer, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, soil pH were used to evaluate the situation of improvement and deterioration of black soil. Quality grade of black soil was determined according to the comprehensive evaluation index of black soil quality. Using this evaluation index system to track the change of black soil quality in Heilongjiang Province cloud provide certain references for the evaluation of protection measures and their implementation effect.