化工废催化剂污染特征及资源化途径

全世界化工行业每年会置换出大量的废催化剂，如处置不当，不仅污染环境，而且浪费了资源。本文对化工行业废催化剂的现状进行了初步调查分析，综述了其来源、类别及特点。基于废催化剂中有价金属的含量远远高于矿藏中所含有的相应组分的特点，建议将其作为二次资源进行利用；分析了化工废催化剂潜在的环境风险并提出了开展环境风险评价的流程，建议建立废催化剂环境风险信息数据库；概括论述了废催化剂减量化、资源化、无害化等的控制手段及存在的问题。文中提出：对于化工废催化剂的处理处置应从清洁生产的角度考虑，不局限于单纯的末端污染控制；建议开展废催化剂减量化、资源化及无害化处理的绿色新技术，达到减少污染、资源综合回收利用的目的。

Pollution and utilization of chemical industry spent catalysts

The chemical industry in the world replaces a large amount of spent catalysts every year. If the disposal method is improper, it will not only cause serious pollution to the ecological environment, but also waste resources. A preliminary investigation and analysis of the status quo of spent catalysts in the chemical industry were conducted in this paper. The sources, categories and characteristics of spent catalysts in the chemical industry were reviewed. Based on the characteristics that the content of valuable metals in spent catalysts was much higher than the corresponding components contained in mineral deposits, it was suggested to use them as secondary resources. The potential environmental risks of waste chemical catalysts were analyzed and environmental risk assessments were proposed. It was recommended to establish a database of environmental risk information for spent catalysts. The control methods and existing problems of spent catalyst reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness were discussed. It was proposed that the treatment and disposal of spent chemical catalysts should be considered from the perspective of clean production, not limited to pure end pollution control. It was recommended to develop new green technologies for spent catalyst reduction, recycling and harmless treatment to achieve the purpose of reducing pollution and comprehensive recycling of resources.