多孔纳米基复合相变材料在建筑节能中的应用进展

近年来相变材料的开发和应用受到广泛的关注，研究表明，纳米和多孔基复合相变材料可以显著提高材料热导率和热稳定性，同时可以有效防止相变材料在熔融和凝固过程中发生的泄漏问题。本文主要介绍了建筑领域的纳米和多孔基复合相变材料的选择和制备、材料的表征及热物性测量研究，简述了掺入复合相变材料的砂浆、石膏板、混凝土和砖块的热性能情况，通过实验和数值模拟分析了建筑系统中的复合相变材料的应用情况，对采用了储热相变材料的建筑系统进行成本分析和节能研究。最后说明应根据地区气候和使用需求选择不同相变点和热导率的相变材料，添加相变墙体可提高热舒适性，并有效减少能耗。同时指出如何将相变墙体更好地与主动式技术结合，以及探究降低相变墙体的可回收年限和长时间使用相变墙体后的热性能是今后的主要研究方向。

Recent progress in application of composite phase change materials with nanoparticles matrix for energy savings of buildings

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the development and application of phase change materials (PCMs). It has been shown that nanoparticles and porous media can significantly improve the thermal conductivities and thermal stabilities of PCMs, and can prevent the leakage of PCMs during the processes of melting and solidification. In the present study, the selection of nano and porous composite phase change materials (CPCMs) in the field of building were introduced firstly, then the characterization and measurement of thermal physical properties of the CPCMs were studied. The thermal properties of mortar, gypsum board, concrete and brick mixed with CPCMs were investigated subsequently. The applications of the CPCMs in building systems were studied experimentally and numerically, and the cost and energy saving potential of the building systems with latent heat storage were analyzed. Finally, it indicated that the PCMs with different phase change temperatures and thermal conductivities should be chosen according to the regional climates and requirements. The addition of PCM wallboard can improve the thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption effectively. Subsequently, the main research directions have been pointed out, including the combination of PCM wallboard and active technology, the reduction of the recycling life of PCM wallboard, and the thermal performance PCM wallboard after long-term usage.