材料介导细胞固定化技术在生物发酵中的应用

细胞固定化技术具有高效、反应操作简便、能长时间保持细胞活力且可反复利用、稳定性好、耐受性强等优点，在生物发酵等领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文介绍了近年来高分子载体材料、无机载体材料和复合载体材料的细胞固定化技术在生物发酵领域的研究进展，分析了不同材料介导固定化细胞在复杂的环境，如低或高pH、毒性底物和高浓度产物等条件下与游离细胞生长代谢性能差异；并阐述了新型高分子膜材料（中空纤维膜和微米/纳米纤维膜）作为载体在生物发酵中的优势和应用；最后展望了通过设计新型优良聚合物载体来实现人工混菌体系在生物发酵中的可控性和鲁棒性。材料作为生物与非生物中物质界面上的活性和可调成分，为细胞提供了适宜的微环境，在生物发酵领域将得到更广泛应用。

Application of material-mediated cell immobilization technology in biological fermentation

Cell immobilization technology, characterized by its high efficiency, simple reaction operation, long-term cell viability, repeatability, good stability and high tolerance, has shown great application potential in the field of biological fermentation industry. In this paper, the research progress of polymer carrier materials, inorganic carrier materials and composite carrier materials in the field of biological fermentation was reviewed. The differences in growth metabolic property between free and immobilized cells in a complex environment, such as low or high pH, toxic substrate and high concentration products were analyzed. In addition, the advantages and applications of new polymer membrane materials (hollow fiber membrane and micro/nano fiber membrane) as carriers in biological fermentation were also described. Finally, the controllability and robustness of the artificial microbial system in biological fermentation were prospected by designing excellent polymer carriers. The results showed that materials as active and tunable components at the interface of living and nonliving matter offer a suitable microenvironment for cells, which will be more widely used in the field of biological fermentation in the future.