基于二维纳米材料的水处理功能膜研究进展

二维纳米材料是制备膜材料中一类重要的掺杂材料或膜构筑单元，也是新型水处理功能膜的研究热点。已有许多研究报道了二维纳米材料通过有序的堆叠和自组装在膜内构建出规整的水通道，可以赋予膜可调控的分离性能，进而实现trade-off效应的突破，被认为是“下一代膜材料”（next-generation membranes）。同时，二维纳米材料的独特片层结构、催化性能及可修饰性可使膜材料获得新的功能，如导电性能、光/电催化性能等。本文综述了近年来基于二维纳米材料的水处理功能膜研究进展，重点介绍了共混法、自组装等制备方法，并总结了此类功能膜在抗污染、膜通量恢复、强化污染物去除、调控盐截留及污染物监测领域的应用。最后对基于二维纳米材料的水处理功能膜发展方向，如限域催化、调控盐分离、监测传感等新兴领域进行了分析和展望。

Research progress of functional membranes based on two-dimensional nanomaterials for water treatment

Two-dimensional nanomaterials are an important category of membrane additives or building blocks, and also a research hotspot of novel functional membranes for water treatment. It has been proved that two-dimensional nanomaterials can construct regular water channels by orderly stacking and self-assembly. The membranes based on two-dimensional nanomaterials are considered as next-generation membranes with tunable separation performance, having the potential of achieving breakthrough of the trade-off effect. Meanwhile, due to the high specific surface area, catalytic ability and modifiability of the two-dimensional nanomaterials, the membranes based on two-dimensional nanomaterials can obtain new functions, such as conductivity, photocatalytic/electrocatalytic properties and so on. In this paper, the research progress of functional membranes based on two-dimensional nanomaterials for water treatment in recent years was reviewed with emphasis on the preparation methods such as blending and self-assembly. The applications of these functional membranes in the fields of antifouling, flux recovery, enhanced pollutant removal, modulating salt rejection and sensing were also summarized. Finally, the development trend of functional membrane based on two-dimensional nanomaterials for water treatment was proposed.