棉铃发育不同时期的质量变化研究

为探索棉铃发育过程中重量及品质的变化情况,通过挂牌选取不同时期棉铃进行测定分析。结果发现：在常规种植方式下,棉花上部（7台以上）、中部（4~6台）和下部（1~3台）果枝铃重有所差异,中部铃重最高,下部次之,上部最低,最大差值可达1.6 g;棉铃发育上,花后40~50天籽棉、铃壳、皮棉重量增加最快,且均在花后70天最重,而衣分则在花后55天最高;纤维品质指标中除了短纤维率呈不断下降趋势,花后45~55天下降最大,其余指标整体呈随生育进程增加而增加趋势,但长度、整齐度、断裂伸长率分别在花后65、70、60天出现最高值并有下降趋势。综上所述,棉铃发育并不是越长越好,花后超过70天,棉花重量、衣分、长度、强度、整齐度等多项指标都会降低,不利于棉花质量提升。

Quality Change of Cotton Boll in Different Development Stages

To explore the changes of weight and quality of cotton bolls in the development process, cotton bolls of different stages were selected for analysis. The results show that: under the normal planting mode, the boll weight of upper (7th and above), middle (4th-6th) and lower (1st-3rd) fruiting branches are different, the boll weight in the middle part is the highest, followed by that in the lower part, and that in the upper part is the lowest, with the maximum difference of 1.6 g; during the development process of cotton boll, the weight of seed cotton, boll shell and lint cotton increase the fastest in 40-50 days after anthesis, and could reach the maximum in 70 days after anthesis, while the lint percentage could reach the maximum after 55 days of flowering. Among the fiber quality indexes, except that the short fiber content has a continuous decreasing trend, which is the greatest after 45 to 55 days of flowering, the other indexes present an overall increasing trend during the boll development process. However, the length, uniformity and elongation at break could reach the highest value at 65, 70 and 60 days after anthesis, respectively, with a decreasing trend. In conclusion, cotton bolls development process does not need to be as long as possible, 70 days after flowering, the boll weight, lint, length, strength, uniformity and other indexes will be reduced, which is not conducive to the improvement of cotton quality.