氮磷钾肥及水分因子对烤烟叶片叶黄素的综合影响

通过盆栽试验探讨了氮、磷、钾肥及水分因子对烤烟叶片叶黄素的综合影响。交互效应测验表明, 影响烤后烟叶叶黄素含量的一级(2因素)和三级(4因素)交互作用显著, 二级(3因素)交互作用中以氮磷水、磷钾水的交互作用为主。一级交互效应分析表明, 氮钾、氮磷、磷钾、磷水、钾水互作对烤后烟叶叶黄素含量的影响表现协同促进作用。氮水间互作中存在一个阈值, 低于这个阈值时氮水间互作对烤后烟叶叶黄素含量的影响表现协同促进作用, 高于这个阈值时表现拮抗作用。二级、三级交互效应分析表明, 氮磷钾合理配施(1∶1.3∶3.1)和适量浇水明显促进叶黄素的积累。当施氮量较少时增施磷肥和适量浇水, 当施磷量较少时增施氮钾肥和适量浇水, 以及当土壤相对含水量较低时增施氮钾肥均可以提高烤烟叶片叶黄素含量。结果表明, 高氮肥(每盆施氮量大于6 g纯氮)、高钾肥(每盆施钾量大于18 g K₂O)、中等磷肥配合适量浇水(74.3%~79.5%的土壤相对含水量)明显促进叶黄素的积累。

Effects of Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium and Water on Lutein in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Leaves

As a main component of carotenoid in tobacco leaves, lutein not only plays an important role in protection against light stress, but also produces many important aroma compounds in tobacco including megastigmatrien, β-damascenone, 3-hydroxy-α-ionone, when lutein degraded. A pot experiment with the design of quadric circum-regression was performed to investigate the effects of N, P, K fertilizers and watering on lutein in tobacco leaves. The zero level of four factors was designed as 4, 6, 12 g and 70%, and the intervals as 2, 3, 6 g and 15%, respectively. The results from interaction test indicated that the first order interactions, the second order interaction of (i) N, P and water, (ii) P, K and water, the third order interaction were all significant, and interaction between N and P, N and K, P and K, P and soil water, K and soil water content was synergistic. But there existed a critical value in the interaction of N and water, when soil water content was lower than the critical value, the interaction between them was synergistic, otherwise it was antagonistic. The second order interaction analysis showed that K and soil water content were more important than P for increasing lutein content in tobacco leaves. It suggested that the proper ratio of N, P, K fertilizers, and watering could increase the lutein content. More P and optimal soil relative water content would increase the lutein content when nitrogen was deficient. More N and K and reasonable watering could increase the lutein content at the lower P level. More N, P, and K could compensate the deficiency of relative soil water content. The results showed that the lutein content accumulated significantly at the high N (6 g pot^-1), high K (18 g pot^-1 K₂O), moderate P with the ratio of N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 1:1.3:3.1, as well as optimal watering maintaining the relative soil water content of 74.3%–79.5%.