外泌体在前列腺癌诊疗中的研究进展

前列腺癌(PCa)是男性常见的恶性肿瘤。外泌体是存在于人体多种体液中的双层膜囊泡,携带核酸、蛋白等物质,介导细胞间通讯。外泌体可以促进前列腺癌的生长,协助免疫逃逸及化学治疗耐药,诱导血管生成、上皮细胞间充质转化(EMT)并为转移前生态位的形成提供条件,进而促进前列腺癌的侵袭和转移。基于肿瘤细胞与正常细胞分泌的外泌体成分不同,外泌体可作为前列腺癌诊断、预测侵袭转移、评估患者预后及药物疗效的生物标志物,并有望作为药物运输载体,在肿瘤的精准治疗中具有广阔的前景。

Progress of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer(PCa)is a common malignancy in males.Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles containing protein,mRNA and miRNA,which are active in intercellular communications.Exosomes promotes the development of prostate cancer,support immune evading and chemotherapy resistance,stimulate angiogenesis,induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of tumor cells,and contribute to the formation of pre-metastasis niche,thus promoting the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer.Based on the role in tumor biological behavior and heterogeneity in different cells,exosomes hold great potentials as biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer,and are expected to become a favorable drug carrier.It has a promising prospect for cancer therapy.