储粮方式对小麦产后减损与质量安全的影响

目的 研究不同储粮条件对小麦储藏期间减损的影响。方法 设置三种不同储藏条件,1#复合精油防霉剂+小型生物储粮仓的储藏条件、2#小型生物储粮仓储藏条件、3#传统储藏条件,分别在小麦入仓0 d、30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d、150 d、180 d取样,考察小麦表面污染真菌、呕吐毒素(DON)、小麦水分、千粒重和不完善粒。结果 共分离出1054株优势真菌,包括851株丝状真菌和203株酵母菌。丝状真菌分别为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)、黄曲霉(Aspergillusflavus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioidesS)、绳状蓝状菌(Talaromyces funiculosus)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)；酵母菌有粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)、锁掷酵母(Sporidiobolus pararoseus)和布勒掷孢酵母(Bullera alba)。1#和2#都能有效维持水分含量、千粒重,控制表面真菌和不完善粒变化；3#水分受环境影响变化大,在60d时发生了虫蚀现象,不完善粒显著增加,导致产后损失增加。另外,1# 仓储过程中DON含量降低了72%,2#DON含量变化不大,3#DON含量降低了36%。气味色泽上,2#保持正常,1#在0-60d精油气味大,色泽正常,在180d时气味色泽基本正常。3#由于虫蚀等原因,气味色泽发生了一点改变。结论 用小型生物储粮仓替代传统储粮方式进行小麦储藏,可极大减轻小麦产后储藏期间的损失,保证小麦质量安全,小型生物储粮仓技术在农户等推广应用前景广阔。

Effects of storage methods on postharvest losses and quality safety of wheat during storage

Objective In order to study the effect of different storage conditions on the loss of wheat during storage. Methods Three storage conditions were set up, 1# is Compound oil mould + small-sized biological storage barn, 2 # is small-sized biological storage barn, 3 # is traditional storage conditions, we sampled at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120,150 and 180 days after wheat harvest toSinvestigate contaminated fungi, deoxynivalenol(DON), moisture content, thousand kernel weight, unsound kernels. Results A total of 1054 strains of dominant fungi were isolated, including 851 filamentous fungi which was Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillusflavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioidesS, Talaromyces funiculosus and Alternaria alternate, and 203 yeast strains which belonged to Rhodotorula glutinis, Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Bullera alba. Both 1 # and 2 # could effectively maintain moisture content, thousand kernel weight, fungi and unsound kernels. The moisture content of 3 # changed greatly under the influence of the environment, and worm-eaten wheat occurred on 60d, with a significant increase of unsound kernels, resulting in an increase of postpartum loss. In addition, the content of DON in the storage process of 1# decreased by 72%, the content of DON in the storage process of 2# changed little and the content of DON in the storage process of 3# decreased by 36%. In terms of smell and color, 2# remained normal, 1# had strong essential oil smell and normal color in 0-60d, and the smell and color were basically normal at 180d. Due to insect erosion and other reasons, the smell and color has changed a little in 3#. Conclusion Through small-sized biological storage barn ,the loss of wheat could be reduced greatly during storage , and the quality safety of wheat also could be guaranteed, so the application prospect is broad for the small-sized biological storage barn in farmers.