中国云南小兽体表革螨多样性与生态分布

寄生在小兽体表的革螨是具有重要医学意义的节肢动物。本文用物种数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和主成分分析对云南省28县市5个动物地理小区小兽体表革螨的生态分布和多样性进行了比较分析。捕获的14544头小兽隶属于10科35属67种，共采集到革螨80791只，经分类鉴定属于10科33属112种。结果表明横断山中部小区革螨和小兽的物种丰富度和多样性指数均比其他动物地理小区的高。纳氏厉螨和毒厉螨是云南省的优势种和广布种，其生态分布和海拔没有明显的关系。与此相反，小兽宿主的分布因小区和海拔的不同而不同，黄胸鼠和褐家鼠主要分布于海拔1600m以下，而齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠和中华姬鼠是海拔2600m以上的优势种。革螨和小兽的多样性表现出随海拔减少而降低的趋势。主成分分析结果表明宿主因素（物种丰富度和多样性指数）是影响革螨分布的主要因素，其次为降雨量和经度。云南省革螨的物种多样性与小兽的多样性密切相关。

Ecological Distribution and Diversity of Gamasid Mites on Small Mammals in Yunnan, China

Ectoparasitic gamasid mites associated with small mammals are arthropods of medical importance. Ecological distribution and diversity of gamasid mites associated with their corresponding small mammal hosts in 28 counties of five geographical microregions in Yunnan,China were compared by using species richness, Simpson's dominance index, Shannon diversity index, Pielou evenness and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The captured 14 544 small mammal hosts belong to 10 families, 35 genera and 67 species in five orders (Rodentia, Insectivora, Scandentia, Lagomorpha and Carnivora). From the captured small mammal hosts, 80 791 gamasid mites representing 10 families, 33 genera and 112 species were collected. The results showed that the mites and small mammals are higher in species richness and diversity indices in the Middle Microregion of Hengduan Mountains than in other geographical microregions. Laelaps nuttalli and Laelaps echidninus are dominant and widely-distributed species in Yunnan. The ecological distribution of dominant gamasid mites seem not to be prominently associated with altitudes. On the contrary, the ecological distribution of small mammal hosts varied in different geographical regions, Rattus tanezumi and Rattus norvegicus appear to be dominant hosts below 1 600 m while Apodemus chevrieri, Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus draco are the dominant hosts above 2 600 m. The diversity of both hosts and gamasid mites tend to decrease with decreasing altitude. The results of PCA analysis indicated that the host factors (species richness, diversity indices) were the principal factors affecting the distribution of gamasid mites, followed by annual precipitation and longitude. The species richness and diversity of gamasid mites in Yunnan are positively correlated with the richness and diversity of their small mammal hosts.