地震裂缝预测技术研究进展

地下裂缝识别和预测对于油气勘探具有重要的实践价值。相关的理论研究和现场试验已经证明裂缝诱发的各向异性会对岩石的地震波传播特征产生影响,通过地震资料识别和表征地下裂缝的走向、密度及分布范围是可行的。地震识别裂缝方法具有费用低、覆盖范围广和探测深度大的优点,主要包括多分量转换波裂缝检测、纵波方位各向异性检测和叠后地震属性分析三大类。从应用情况来看,由于数据基础、数据要求、技术完备程度3方面的原因,不同方法的应用程度及效果存在差异。随着采集和处理等技术的不断进步,多分量转换波裂缝检测、纵波方位各向异性检测方法会得到更为广泛的应用;而在传统三维叠后数据基础上发展起来的属性分析技术也会因为数据对象类型的多样化而获得更为广阔的发展空间。

Progress of seismic fracture characterization technology

Fracture identification and prediction is significant in hydrocarbon exploration. Corresponding theory and experiments have shown that the anisotropy caused by fracture will affect seismic reflection features during wave propagation. For this reason,it is feasible to characterize fracture trend,intensity and distribution by using seismic data. For fracture prediction,seismic technology is characterized by low cost,extensive coverage area and large probing depth compared with other methods,which can be divided into three types,including multi-component converted-wave fracture characterization,azimuth anisotropy detection of P-wave response and post-stack seismic attribute analysis. Various techniques have different popularity and efficiency because of the difference from data source,data requirement and technique maturity. With the development of surveying and processing techniques,multi-component converted-wave fracture characterization and azimuth anisotropy detection of P-wave response will be more widely used in fracture characterization. For the same reason,seismic attribute anomaly detection will also be more important in using various dataset to recognize fractured reservoirs.