微小RNA-30a:肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点

微小RNA(miRNA)是长约20~25个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA,主要通过抑制mRNA翻译和诱导mRNA降解而调节靶基因的表达,人类大约30%的基因受miRNAs调节。研究发现,大量miRNAs在肿瘤中表达失调,常常引起多种重要过程的紊乱,包括细胞增殖、侵袭与转移、凋亡以及耐药等。在肿瘤的发生过程中,不同的miRNA可能起着类似抑癌基因或者癌基因的作用,参与调节肿瘤细胞发生、发展等过程。miR-30a是miRNA的成员之一,通过调节靶基因的表达,参与调控肿瘤细胞增殖、转移和凋亡等过程。不同肿瘤血清中miR-30a的表达水平对肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗以及预后判断有着重要作用。此外,miR-30a的表达失调还与抗肿瘤药物耐药性的产生密切相关,推测其有望成为肿瘤治疗的一个潜在新靶标。本文就近年来miR-30a在肿瘤中作用的最新研究进展作一综述。

MicroRNA-30a: A new biomarker and potential therapeutic target for tumor

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous non-coding RNAs of about 20-25 nucleotides long,which regulate the expression of target genes by inhibiting mRNA translation and inducing mRNA degradation.About 30%of human genes are regulated by miRNAs.It has been found that the abnormal expression of a large number of miRNAs in tumors often causes disturbances in a variety of important processes,including cell proliferation,cell invasion and metastasis,apoptosis and cell resistance.In the process of tumor development,different miRNAs may play a role like tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes involved in regulating the development of tumor cells.MiR-30a is a member of miRNAs and participates in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation,metastasis and apoptosis by regulating the expression of target genes.The expression level of serum miR-30a in different tumor plays an important role in the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of tumors.In addition,the expression disorder of miR-30a is also closely related to the development of drug resistance,which is expected to become a potential new target for tumor therapy.This article reviews recent advances of miR-30a in tumors.