大型燃煤锅炉深度调峰关键问题探讨

  目的  随着我国“双碳”目标的制定及构建清洁低碳、安全高效现代能源体系的迫切需求，可再生能源在电网中的发电比例将逐年提高。但因其自身的随机性及间歇性特点，可再生能源对电网调峰的贡献极其有限。为了提高对可再生能源的消纳能力，具有良好调峰潜力的煤电机组正担负着电网中基础调节能源的重要角色。其中，燃煤锅炉作为煤电机组的前端核心系统，其低（变）负荷运行性能直接影响着煤电机组的整体调峰能力。  方法  为此，文章从燃煤锅炉低（变）负荷运行过程中的燃烧稳定性、运行可靠性、环保性及经济性需求出发，首先总结了大型燃煤锅炉深度调峰所面临的关键问题，并分别从低（变）负荷运行下的燃烧稳定性、机组运行环保性和经济性、主要辅机适应性和安全性及热电机组的热电解耦四个方面，对目前的主要研究内容及进展进行分析总结。  结果  在此基础上，提出对燃煤锅炉调峰能力深度提升技术的研究及发展展望。  结论  通过文章分析得出，为了发挥燃煤锅炉在提升电网调峰能力方面的先发优势，应从燃煤锅炉的整体系统出发，综合开展主要辅机运行状态监测及评估、燃烧性能关键影响因素研究、过程智能优化控制及预测，从而提升燃煤锅炉在低负荷运行、快速启停及升降负荷过程中的综合性能。

Discussion on Key Problems of Depth Peak Adjustment for Large Coal-Fired Boilers

  Introduction  With the establishment of China's "carbon peak and neutrality" goal and the urgent need to build a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient modern energy system, the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid will increase year by year. However, due to its randomness and intermittent characteristics, the contribution of renewable energy to power peak shaving is extremely limited. To improve its ability to absorb renewable energy, coal-fired power units with good peak-shaving potential are playing an important role in the basic regulation energy. Among them, the coal-fired boiler is the front-end core system of the coal-fired power unit, and its low (variable) load operation performance directly affects the overall peak-shaving capacity of the coal-fired power unit.   Method  Therefore, starting from the combustion stability, operating reliability, environmental protection, and economic requirements during low (variable) load operation of coal-fired boilers, this paper analyzed and summarized the current main research content and progress from four aspects, including combustion stability under low (variable) load operation, environmental protection and economy, adaptability and safety of main auxiliary equipment, and thermo-electrolytic coupling of the thermal power unit.   Result  On this basis, the research and development prospects of the technologies for deepening the peak shaving capacity of coal-fired boilers are put forward.   Conclusion  Through the analysis, it is concluded that to give full play to the first-mover advantage of coal-fired boilers in improving the power peak-shaving capacity, we should focus on the overall system of coal-fired boilers, comprehensively carry out monitoring and evaluation of the operation status of main auxiliary machinery, research on key influencing factors of combustion performance, conduct process intelligent optimization control and prediction. Thereby improving the overall performance of coal-fired boilers in low-load operation, rapid start-stop, and load-lifting.