Cranial anatomy of Pholidosaurus purbeckensis from the Lower Cretaceous of France and its bearing on pholidosaurid affinities |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planète, Environnement, UMR CNRS 5276 (CNRS, ENS, Université Lyon1), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364, Lyon cedex 07, France;2. La Plage aux ptérosaures, Le Mas de Pégourdy, 46150, Crayssac, France;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências (PPGGEO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália km 8, 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil;4. Museu de Ciências Naturais (MCN), Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (FZB), R. Dr. Salvador França, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA;1. National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan Chien Road, Taichung 40453, R.O. China;2. Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443 STN“D”, Ottawa, ON KIP 6P4, Canada;3. Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui Kita Machi, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan;1. CONICET, IDEAN, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. II, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina;2. CONICET, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica (CRILAR), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n., Anillaco 5301, La Rioja, Argentina;3. CONICET, División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, La Plata 1900, Argentina;1. Museu de Paleontologia “Prof. Antonio Celso de Arruda Campos”, Centro de Artes, Praça do Centenário, 15910-000, Monte Alto, SP, Brazil;2. Museu de Paleontologia “Pedro Candolo”, Estação Cultura, Praça Farmacêutico Bruno Garisto, 15890-000, Uchôa, SP, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e Educação (ICENE), Av. Randolfo Borges Jr. 1400, Univerdecidade, 38064-200, Uberaba, MG, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Complexo Cultural e Científico de Peirópolis (CCCP), Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas “Llewellyn Ivor Price” (CPPLIP), Uberaba, MG, Brazil;5. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geologia, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274, 21941-916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;6. Cooperativa de Trabalho dos Profissionais de Agronomia Ltda (UNICAMPO), Av. Carneiro Leão, 65, Ed. Transamérica, Zona 01, 87014-010, Maringá, PR, Brazil;1. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan;2. Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, 51-11 Terao, Muroko, Katsuyama-Shi, Fukui, 911-8601, Japan;3. Dinosaur Research Institute, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Cho, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan;4. Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | New and nearly complete cranial remains of Pholidosaurus purbeckensis are described on the basis of specimens recovered from the Berriasian locality of Cherves-de-Cognac, France. Two skulls, associated mandibles and a set of dorsal osteoderms are available and allow a refinement of the anatomy of the genus, known otherwise from coeval deposits in Germany and England. Because of its longirostrine morphology, convergent with other crocodylomorph lineages, the phylogenetic relationships of Pholidosaurus are likely to be affected by Long Branch Attraction problems. Various tests of removing/excluding longirostrine lineages confirm that Dyrosauridae have a labile position and that their affinities with Pholidosauridae are weakly supported. Results from comparative anatomy and phylogenetic analyses recover Pholidosaurus as the basalmost member of Pholidosauridae, a group closely related to Goniopholididae. Pholidosaurus is recovered together with abundant remains of Goniopholis and with more limited remains of Theriosuchus. The paleoecology of Pholidosaurus and more generally, of Pholidosauridae, is discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Pholidosauridae Europe Neosuchia Cretaceous Longirostry |
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