乳糜泻动物模型研究进展

乳糜泻是一种携带遗传易感基因的人群因摄入麸质蛋白而引起由T细胞介导的复杂肠道疾病。麸质蛋白是小麦、大麦、黑麦等谷物中的主要贮藏蛋白,由麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白组成,是诱发乳糜泻的主要环境因素。患者终生严格执行无麸质饮食是目前治疗乳糜泻的最佳方法。然而,在生活中,患者难以完全避免摄入麸质蛋白,且长期的无麸质饮食将影响患者的社会交往活动,加重患者的心理与经济负担。因此,有必要研究新的冶疗方法或药物以用于辅助或替代无麸质饮食疗法。为了验证新方法的有效性和安全性,构建动物模型模拟乳糜泻的病症是必须的。因此,本文着重介绍了判断乳糜泻动物模型是否成功建立应选取的检测指标、乳糜泻动物模型的致敏方式及目前已建立的动物模型特点,为进一步完善乳糜泻动物模型提供参考。

Research advances in animal models of celiac disease

Celiac disease is a kind of complex intestinal diseases mediated by T cells, due to intake of gluten protein by genetically susceptible individuals. Gluten is a protein complex found in wheat, barley, rye and other related grains and is composed of gliadins and glutenins. Gluten is the main environmental factor that can trigger celiac disease. Strict adherence to a lifelong gluten-free diet is the best way for treatment of celiac disease. However, patients are difficult to completely avoid gluten protein intake in life, and long-term gluten-free diet will affect social life of patients and increase their psychological and economic burden. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate novel treatments for an adjunct or an alternative to the gluten-free diet. In order to verify the validity and security of novel treatments, animal models of celiac disease must be established. This review focused on test indicators, sensitization method and characteristics of animal models of celiac disease, and provided a reference for further improvement of animal model for celiac disease.