邵阳市学龄儿童营养状况与午餐膳食调查与分析

目的了解邵阳市学龄儿童的营养状况和在校午餐膳食情况,以指导学校和家庭合理安排膳食,保证学龄儿童的营养供应。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法,在该市抽取了2119名中小学生进行营养状况调查,采用全血元素分析仪检测人体血液中钙、铁、锌、铜、铅的含量,膳食中的能量和蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化物采用卡路里热量分析仪检测,食物中的钙、铁、锌的含量采用原子吸收光谱法进行检测。结果邵阳市6~15岁的学龄儿童中消瘦、超重、肥胖的人群分别有5.29%、5.24%、2.69%,钙、铁、锌元素缺乏的人群分别为8.31%、9.57%和4.26%。午餐膳食有3种模式,模式A是牛奶+点心,3种产能营养素的比例与平衡膳食模式相符,但能量和营养素供给量远低于膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs);模式B是牛奶+膳食,供给食物的数量较多,能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和钙、铁、锌的含量分别为769.54 kcal、27.98 g、38.70 g、75.22 g、211.22 mg、8.25 mg、2.03 mg;模式C为纯膳食,能量和主要营养素的含量介于午餐模式A和B中间,但和模式B均存在碳水化合物比例低、脂肪比例高的问题。3种午餐模式均以谷物为主,但膳食结构不合理,全谷物及杂豆、薯类、水果、坚果等食物摄入的频率和数量都很低,乳制品的摄入量均低于国家推荐的300g·人~(-1)·d~(-1)的标准。结论该市学龄儿童的营养状况待改善,午餐膳食结构不合理,应进行营养教育和干预,促进均衡营养。

Survey and analysis of nutritional status and lunch meal of school-age children in Shaoyang city

Objective To understand the nutritional status of school-age children and school lunch meal in the Shaoyang city, guide the reasonable arrangement of school and family meals, ensure that schoolchildren nutrition supply. Methods Totally 2119 primary and middle school students were selected from Shaoyang city by stratified random cluster sampling method. The concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, copper and lead in whole blood were detected by whole blood elements analyzer. Using calories analyzer, dietary energy and the contents of protein, fat and carbohydrate were tested. And the contents of food calcium, iron, zinc, copper, lead were detected by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The proportion of thin, overweight and obesity of school children aged 6~15 in Shaoyang city were 5.29 %, 5.24 % and 5.69 %. The proportion of population who lack of calcium, iron, zinc were 8.31 %, 9.57 % and 4.26 %, respectively. There were three kinds of mode for lunch meals. Model A consisted with milk and snack.The proportion of three nutrients capacity closed to the balanced diet mode, but the energy and nutrient supply were lower than the DRIs. Pattern B was composed of milk and food, which was relatively more. The average contents of dietary energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates and calcium, iron, zinc were 769.54 kcal, 27.98 g and 38.70 g, 75.22 g and 211.22 mg, 8.25 mg, 2.03 mg in every lunch. Model C consisted only of pure meals. The average contents of main nutrients and dietary energy were between lunch model A and B, at the same time, there was a problem that the proportion of carbohydrates was low and fat ratio was high like mode B. Three kinds of lunch meal was mainly composed of grains, but the intake frequency and quantity of food such as whole grains and the mixed beans, potato, fruits, nuts were very low, and the intake of dairy products are below the national recommended standard 300 g for each person every day. Conclusion The nutritional status of the school-age children in Shaoyang city was not very nice and the dietary pattern was unreasonable. So we advise school should carry on the nutritional education and intervention to promote the balanced nutrition.