2013—2018年恩施市常住居民死因监测及减寿分析

目的分析2013—2018年恩施市常住居民的死亡情况和主要死因的变化趋势,评估不同疾病所导致的疾病负担,为制定疾病防治对策提供依据。方法收集2013—2018年恩施市常住居民死亡监测数据,分别计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、期望寿命、潜在减寿年数(PYLL)、标化减寿年数(SPYLL)、潜在减寿率(AYLL)、年度变化百分比(APC)等指标描述死因的分布和变化趋势。结果2013—2018年恩施市居民年均粗死亡率679.43/10万,年均标化死亡率615.02/10万;前5位死因分别为循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、伤害、消化系统疾病,合计占总死亡人数的91.2%。分析期望寿命发现,当地居民2013—2018年的平均期望寿命为78.02岁,且男性(75.57岁)低于女性(80.78岁)。减寿分析发现恩施市2013—2018年各类疾病导致的PYLL为171620人年,SPYLL为171284.62人年,AYLL为15.03年/人。其中,减寿顺位前5位分别是伤害、恶性肿瘤、循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病。结论2013—2018年恩施市居民死亡率水平较高,年均粗死亡率呈上升趋势,年均标化死亡率呈下降趋势,说明该地区老龄化程度较高。循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病等慢性疾病和伤害是导致死亡的主要原因,并导致了沉重的疾病负担,应作为日后防控工作的重点。同时,男性居民的死亡水平和减寿指标均高于女性,采取针对性的防控措施,缩小男女之间的差距,提高人群整体的生活质量。

Death cause and life loss analysis of permanent residents in Enshi City during 2013-2018

Objective To analyze the basic characteristics and variation trend of death causes of permanent residents in Enshi City during 2013-2018,to assess the burden of different diseases,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating disease prevention and control strategies.Methods The death monitoring data of permanent residents in Enshi City,Hubei Province from 2013 to 2018 was collected.The crude mortality,standardized mortality,life expectancy,potential years of life loss(PYLL),standard potential years of life loss(SPYLL),average years of life lost(AYLL),and annual percentage change(APC)were calculated to describe the distribution and trend of death causes.Results The average annual crude death rate and standardized death rate of residents in Enshi City from 2013 to 2018 were 679.43 per 100000 and 615.02 per 100000,respectively.The top 5 causes of death were circulatory system diseases,respiratory system diseases,malignant tumors,injuries,and digestive system diseases,accounting for 91.2%of the total deaths.Analysis of life expectancy found that the average life expectancy of local residents from 2013 to 2018 was 78.02 years,and the value in the male group(75.57 years)was lower than that in the female group(80.78 years).Life loss analysis revealed that PYLL caused by various diseases was 171620 person-years,SPYLL was 171284.62 person-years,and AYLL was 15.03 years/person in Enshi City from 2013 to 2018.Among all the death causes,the top five in terms of life loss were injuries,malignant tumors,circulatory diseases,respiratory diseases and digestive diseases.Conclusion From 2013 to 2018,the death rate of residents in Enshi City was relatively higher compared with those in other cities in China,the average annual crude death rate was on the rise,and the average annual standardized death rate was on the decline,indicating a highly ageing region.Chronic diseases such as circulatory system diseases,malignant tumors,and respiratory diseases,as well as injuries were the main death causes and caused a heavy burden of diseases,which should be the focus of future prevention and control work.Considering the higher levels of death and life loss indicators of male residents than those of women,targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to narrow the gap between men and women and improve the overall life quality of the whole population.