Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminium alloys with special reference to AA 5083 and AA 6082

Abstract

Aluminium alloys AA 5083 and AA 6082 have been friction stir welded and the mechanical properties and microstructures of the welds have been evaluated. Alloy AA 5083 mainly fractured near the centre of the weld, while fracture in AA 6082 mainly occurred in the heat affected zone. The tensile strength of welded joints in AA 6082 was lower than the base material strength, but still met classification societies' requirements. Hardness was approximately constant across the welded zone in AA 5083, while a minimum in hardness was found in the AA 6082 welds. The location of the fracture closely matched the minimum hardness region. Very fine scale precipitation in AA 6082 was significantly affected by the weld thermal cycle. In the zone of lowest hardness, the hardening precipitate (β″-Mg₅Si₆) had transformed to the non-hardening β′-Mg_1.7Si. This is probably the main reason for the minimum in hardness, the fracture location, and the decreased tensile strength. Results are compared to a similar investigation of aluminium alloy AA 7075.