Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸在高脂血症中的作用机制研究进展

高脂血症是一种代谢紊乱疾病,直接引起或导致一些严重危害人体健康的疾病,如动脉粥样硬化、冠心病等。Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸能够显著降低大鼠及人体血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)的含量,同时增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的含量,其作用机制主要为增加外源性胆固醇代谢,减少内源性胆固醇合成,抑制肝脏胆固醇转运相关基因的表达,抑制肝脏载脂蛋白的产生,在高脂血症及其相关代谢性疾病的防治中发挥重要作用。基于国内外研究Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸对血脂水平的调节作用,对Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸在高脂血症中的作用机制进行综述,以期为深入研究Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸对于血脂和脂质代谢调节的相关机制和后续相关药物的研发提供参考。

Progress in action mechanism of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder. Hyperlipidemia directly causes or causes diseases that seriously endangers human health, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, etc. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can significantly reduce total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), and very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) in rat and human serum, and increase the content of high density lipoprotein(HDL). Its action mechanism is mainly to increase exogenous cholesterol metabolism, reduce endogenous cholesterol synthesis, inhibit the expression of liver cholesterol transport-related genes and inhibit liver apolipoprotein production. It plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and its related metabolic diseases. Based on the regulation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood lipid level at home and abroad, the related action mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in hyperlipidemia were systematically reviewed, in order to provide a reference for the further study of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the mechanism of regulation of lipids and lipid metabolism, and for the subsequent research and development of related drugs.