山西某地区近年先天畸形发生情况及相关因素分析

目的：：了解长治地区近年来先天性畸形的发生情况，探讨畸形发生的相关因素。方法：对8967例新生儿中151例先天畸形进行分析。结果：本次统计先天畸形发生率为168.40/万；畸形发生较高的依次为：神经管畸形、多并指(趾)，唇、腭裂。未补充叶酸畸形发生率高于叶酸补充者(P <0.01)，≥35岁产妇先天畸形儿发生率高于<35岁者(P <0.01)；农村先天畸形发生率高于城市(P <0.01)。结论：先天畸形的发生除与普遍认知的叶酸缺乏相关外，还和父亲生活习惯、医疗条件、卵子及宫内环境、婚源等因素有关。因此，应重视评估父亲对后代的影响，防范有可能诱发畸形的其它因素，以避免先天畸形的发生。

The Incidence of Congenital Malformation and the Analysis of Related Factors in Changzhi

Objective:To understand the incidence of congenital malformation of the region and its influencing factors and to explore the causes and preventive measures of deformity.Methods:151 congenital malformations among 8 967 newborns were analyzed in Obstetrics Department in HeJi Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from January 2004 to December 2013.Results:The incidence of congenital malformation was 168.40/million.Higher incidence of malformations was:neural tube defects,finger (toe),cleft lip and cleft palate.Without the supplement of folic acid,the incidence rate of malformation was higher than those with the supplement of folic acid(P <0.01).The maternal congenital deformity rate of those≥35 years old was significantly higher than those<35 years old (P <0.01).The incidence of rural congenital malformation was higher than that of the city (P <0.01).Conclusion:Other than the well-known lack of folic acid,the occurrence of congenital malformation was also associated with the living habits of the father,medical conditions,the source of eggs and intrauterine environment,marriage and other factors.Therefore,the effects of the father to the future generations should be evaluated and paid attention to.In addition,it is necessary to guard against other factors that might induce deformity to avoid the occurrence of congenital malformation.