论土体应力应变关系曲线类型和临界状态

为探讨应力历史对土体本构关系的影响,进行了一系列正常固结土和超固结土的排水剪切常规三轴压缩试验,对比具有不同应力历史的土体应力应变关系曲线发现,对于体应变,超固结比是决定性因素,而体应变对固结压力不太敏感。对于抗剪能力,固结压力是决定性因素,超固结比的影响也不可忽略,超固结比决定了是应变强化还是应变软化,且决定了应变软化的程度,但试样最终会达到一个统一的临界状态,具有大体相同的残余强度。根据塑性体应变与塑性剪应变之间的相互作用原理阐明,土体变形过程中,塑性体应变的变化控制了剪切抗力的升降,从而决定了土体应力应变关系曲线的类型;临界状态实际上是一个纯粹剪切变形过程,其中不发生塑性体应变与塑性剪应变之间的相互作用,压硬性、剪胀性、应力路径相关性统统消失,它与以前所经历的应力历史无关。

On the Type of Stress-strain Relation Curves and the Critical State for Soils

In order to discuss the influence of stress history on the constitutive relations for soils,a series of drained conventional triaxial compression tests for normally consolidated and overconsolidated clays have been carried out.It is found through comparing the stress-strain relation curves under the different stress histories that the overconsolidated ratio is the determining factor for volumetric strain.The volumetric strain is less sensitive to consolidation pressure,however.For the shear capacity,the consolidation pressure is the determining factor,but the influence of the overconsolidated ratio can not be neglected since it determines whether there will be strain hardening or strain softening as well as the grade of strain softening.Despite that,the soil specimens will finally reach a unified critical state and approximately the same residual strength.According to the principle of interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains,the mechanism of generating two types of stress-strain relation curves for clays is explained.It is shown that the critical state is a pure process of shearing deformation in which the interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains completely disappears.The critical state is independent of the previous stress history.