eDNA技术及其在河流生态系统的研究进展

eDNA指从环境样品中提取到的一切DNA的总和。eDNA技术是通过对eDNA的鉴别来对环境中生物的种类、群落结构及生活习性等进行定性或定量分析的技术。它是一种具有经济高效、灵敏度高、对生态系统干扰低等优势的监测分析新技术。本文在叙述eDNA技术的概念、技术流程、分析方法的基础上，主要综述了该技术在入侵及珍稀濒危物种的监测、生物量估计、生物多样性的调查、水质和水污染评价及河流健康评价中的研究现状及应用，并总结了该技术相较于传统手段的优势。最后提出了eDNA技术目前为止存在的一些问题及未来的主要研究方向。

Review on application of environmental DNA technology in river ecosystems

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is the sum of all the DNA extracted from environmental samples. eDNA technology is used for qualitative or quantitative analysis of the species, community structure, and living habits of the environment through identifying eDNA. It is a new monitoring and analysis technology advantageous in low cost, high efficiency, high sensitivity, and low interference to ecosystems. This paper reviews the related concept, technical process and analysis methods, and summarizes its advantages over traditional methods, focusing on the state of arts applications in invasive species monitoring, rare and endangered species monitoring, biomass estimation, biodiversity investigation, water quality and water pollution assessment, and river health assessment. We suggest some problems in the existing eDNA technology and potential directions for further studies.