汽爆秸秆对磷矿粉溶解作用及其溶解残渣对小麦生长的影响

为探究生物质对磷矿粉的溶解作用，以玉米秸秆为原料，利用蒸汽爆破（汽爆）技术释放有机酸，在高温水热条件下溶解磷矿粉并制备含磷腐殖酸。通过实验对汽爆秸秆溶解磷矿粉工艺进行了探究及优化，并利用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线荧光光谱（XRF）进行分析和表征。研究结果表明：15 g汽爆秸秆与1 g磷矿粉以及75 mL水在170℃、加入10% CaCl₂的条件下，反应3 h的溶磷量为1.46 mg/g（以秸秆质量计，下同）。加入与磷矿粉相同质量的NaHSO₄后可使体系pH值降低至2，pH值的降低是磷溶出的关键因素，溶磷量提高为13.10 mg/g。溶磷后的秸秆制备腐殖酸作为小麦盆栽肥料，用量0.2%时，小麦株高、根长、叶绿素含量和相对电导率均显著高于空白组。

Dissolving Effect of Steam Exploded Corn Stalk on Phosphate Rock Powder and Influence of Its Residual on Wheat Growth

In order to explore the dissolving effect of biomass on phosphate rock powder, steam explosion was used to release organic acid from corn stalk(CS) to dissolve phosphate rock powder(PRP) under high temperature and hydrothermal conditions, at the same time, phosphorus-containing humic acid was prepared. The process of dissolving phosphate rock powder by steam exploded corn stalk(SECS) was explored and the optimal conditions were determined. The structures and properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF). The results showed that under the conditions of temperature 170℃, 15 g steam exploded corn stalk, 1 g phosphate rock powder, 75 mL water, adding 10% calcium chloride, reaction for 3 h, the amount of dissolved phosphorus was 1.46 mg/g(based on the mass of stalk). The addition of sodium bisulfate could lower the pH value of the system to below 2, and the amount of dissolved phosphorus could reach 13.26 mg/g. Under high temperature and hydrothermal conditions, partial humification of stalks could be directly used as fertilizer. After adding 0.2% humic acid, the plant height, root length, chlorophyll content and relative conductivity of wheat were significantly higher than those of the control group.