塔城地区积雪变化特征分析

利用1961--2005年塔城地区7个气象站，4个水文站实测积雪资料，分析了近45a塔城地区积雪变化特征，得出以下结论：塔城地区积雪时空分布不均，地域差异大，不论是积雪日数、稳定积雪日数、累积积雪深度均以Ⅰ型最多（大），其次为Ⅱ型，Ⅲ型最少（小）；近45a和布克赛尔站积雪日数、稳定积雪期显著增多，裕民站积雪日数不显著增多，托里站积雪日数、稳定积雪期呈显著减少，其余各站均呈不显著减少趋势；塔城地区3种类型的积雪对区域气候变化有着不同程度的响应，各站最大积雪深度对冬季降水量的响应较敏感；近45a和布克赛尔站累积积雪深度序列在20世纪60年代末至今发生过一次显著增多的突变，突变点为1969年。

Variation Characteristics of Snow Cover in Tacheng Region

The variation Characteristics of snow cover in Tacheng Region are studied by using observation data from 7 weather stations and 4 hydrology stations during 1961 to 2005. The results are as follows： firstly, the temporal and spatial distribution of snow cover in Tacheng vary with different locations, the first pattern for snow days and snow cover depth are more than the second pattern, and the third one is the lest. Secondly, snow days and stable snow stage increased obviously in Hebukesaier station and markedly decreased in Tuoli station; it increased indistinctively in Yumin station, and reduced slowly in other stations. Thirdly, the three types of snow in Tacheng respond differently to the region climatic variation, while the maximum snow depth of all stations responds to the winter precipitation sensitively. Finally, an abrupt increasing change of the accumulative snow depth series took place in Hebukesaier station since 1960s, and the abrupt change point was 1969.