MST与水环境生物源污染定量化溯源

微生物溯源技术(Microbial source tracking,MST)通过靶标生物标记定位污染来源,为难以确定污染来源的非点源生物源污染监测提供了技术手段。基于微生物溯源技术从定性到定量化的发展历程,介绍了MST技术的产生、发展与特点以及MST在水环境污染监测与管理中的应用重点论述了拟杆菌(Bacteroides spp.)基因标记水环境定量化溯源的研究进展,集中分析了温度、光照、盐度等环境因子对拟杆菌基因标记环境衰变的影响以及环境因子与定量化溯源结果准确性的相关关系,并据此判定环境生物因子可能对基因标记环境衰变结果存在一定的影响。依据目前定量溯源研究与应用现状,提出了提高拟杆菌定量溯源准确性和广泛性的研究重点和应用前景。

Microbial source tracking(MST) and quantitative tracking of biological fecal contamination in water environment

Microbial source tracking(MST) provides an accessible method for tracking the non-point contamination from biological sources, for it allows practitioners to discriminate among many possible sources of fecal contamination in the environmental waters by identifying the target biomarkers. In this paper, the origin, development process from qualitative to quantitative, characteristics and environmental applications of MST technology were briefly reviewed. The screening criteria of microbes as indicators were developed. Bacteroides spp. as one of the accepted indicators showed some advantages in quantitative MST because this microbe couldn't reproduce in vitro environment according to the criteria. The research on quantitative source tracking with Bacteroides spp. gene marker under different conditions has made a great progress. The research has been focused on the development of Bacteroides spp. gene-markers and their application to contamination source tracking at a quantitative level in water environment. The effects of environmental factors such as light, dark, temperature etc. on the decay of gene marks, and the correlation between gene-marker decay rate and different environmental factors were analyzed. The reported literatures showed that biological factors in the vitro environment greatly impact the MST technique. Improvements of accuracy and application scope of MST in the water environment were proposed.