1729例卒中高危人群颈动脉超声筛查结果分析

目的 了解社区40岁以上卒中高危人群颈动脉粥样硬化情况，为卒中高危人群的干预措施提供依 据。 方法 研究方法为横断面研究，采用知情自愿的原则，从辖区内抽取40岁以上的常住人口，用问卷筛 选出1729例卒中高危人群，对所有高危人群进行体格检查、实验室检查及颈动脉超声检查(检测颈 动脉内膜中层及斑块形态)。 结果 问卷筛查出高危人群1729例，其中男性453例（26.2%），女性1276例（73.8%），平均年龄 为（58.8±9.6）岁。颈动脉超声显示异常的833例（48.2%），其中颈动脉内膜中层单纯增厚、颈动脉粥 样硬化斑块分别为98例和735例，分别占总高危人群的5.7%和42.5%，分别占超声异常高危人群的 25.1%和88.2%。按照年龄分层，40～50岁、50～60岁、60～70岁和70岁及以上组左侧颈动脉内膜中层 增厚（χ2=15.5，P =0.001）和右侧颈动脉内膜中层增厚（χ2=26.7，P＜0.001）发生率差异具有显著性； 不同年龄组动脉粥样硬化斑块的比率差异也具有显著性（χ2=48.6，P＜0.001）。 结论 卒中高危人群中，颈动脉超声异常发生率较高，颈动脉内膜增厚和动脉粥样硬化斑块形成均 有随着年龄增加而增多的趋势。

Analysis of Ultrasound Screening Results in 1729 Cases of Stroke in High-risk Groups

Objective To investigate carotid atherosclerosis in population over age 40 with high risk of stroke,
and to provide scientific evidence for formulating intervention measures.
Methods This study was a cross-sectional study, based on the principle of voluntariness and
informed consent 1729 cases with high-risk of stroke were sampled from those residents with
age more than 40 by using stroke questionnaire survey. All high-risk groups underwent medical
examination, laboratory tests and carotid artery ultrasound examination (detection of carotid artery
intima-media and plaque morphology).
Results In the 1729 high-risk cases, 453 cases were male (26.2%), 1276 cases were female
(73.8%), with an average age of (58.8±9.6). Carotid ultrasound showed 833 cases (48.2%) with
abnormalities, including carotid intima-media (intima-media thickness, IMT) simple thickening
were 98 cases (5.7% of the total high-risk population, 25.1% of ultrasound abnormalities), the
carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques were 735 cases (42.5% of the total high-risk population,
88.2% of ultrasound abnormalities). Stratified by age, 40~49, 50~59, 60~69, older than 70, 4 age
groups on the left IMT thickening (χ 2=15.5, P =0.001) and right IMT thickening (χ 2=26.7, P <0.001)
were significantly different; for different age groups atherosclerotic plaque ratio was also a
significant difference (χ 2=48.6, P <0.001).
Conclusion In population with high risk of stroke, the rates of abnormal carotid ultrasound are
high, and carotid intimal thickening and atherosclerotic plaque formation increase with age growing.