生物质炭对橡胶园土壤酸度及交换性能的影响

为合理运用热带农业废弃物改良酸性土壤,采用室内培养试验研究了加入15 g/kg和45 g/kg的椰炭、蔗炭、胶炭和蕉炭对橡胶园土壤酸度及交换性能的影响。结果表明:除加入蔗炭15 g/kg在培养第9 d、30~60 d和蔗炭45 g/kg的处理在培养第45 d外,四种生物质炭在两种添加量下在各培养时间内土壤pH均显著高于对照,土壤p H提升效果为蕉炭胶炭椰炭蔗炭,且不同生物质炭处理之间土壤p H提升效果差异显著;除添加蔗炭15 g/kg的处理外,其余三种生物质炭两种加入量均显著降低了土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量,而土壤交换性氢仅在加入蔗炭45 g/kg和蕉炭15 g/kg、45 g/kg的处理上显著低于对照;此外,蕉炭、椰炭、蔗炭显著提高了土壤阳离子交换量和土壤盐基饱和度,但胶炭仅提高了土壤盐基饱和度。上述结果表明,蕉炭、胶炭、椰炭和蔗炭等热带农业废弃物生物质炭能提高橡胶园土壤p H,降低土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量,从而改善橡胶园土壤酸度条件。同时,以上生物质炭也能提高土壤阳离子交换量和土壤盐基饱和度。可见,蕉炭、胶炭、椰炭和蔗炭等热带农业废弃物生物质炭可用于改良热带橡胶园酸性土壤,但不同种类生物质炭及其用量在土壤改良效果上存在差异。

Effects of Biocharon Acidify and Exchangeable Capacity of the Granite-derived Ferralsol in Rubber Plantation#br#

In order to improve acid soil by rationally using tropical agriculture wastes, this experiment added 15 g/kg and 45 g/kg biochars of coconut shell (CSC), cane trash(CTC), rubber wood(RWC), banana stem(BPC) to soil in rubber plantation to study their effects on soil acidity and exchange performance. The results indicated that 4 biochars under 2 additive amounts could remarkably increase soil pH compared to the control, excluding the treatments of adding 15 g/kg CTC for 9 d, 30~60 d and 45 g/kg CTC for 45 d. The order of pH increasing effect BPC>RWC>CSC>CTC. There were remarkable difference in soil pH increasing effects among different biochar treatments. The contents of exchangeable acidity and aluminium were significantly decreased in all treatments, except adding 15 g/kg CTC treatment, while soil exchangeable hydrogen was significantly lower than that of the control only when adding 45 g/kg CTC and 15 g/kg, 45 g/kg BPC. Besides, BPC, CSC and CTC significantly increased soil CEC and BSP, but RWC only improved soil BSP. The above results indicated that biochars of BPC, RWC, CSC and CTC produced by tropical agriculture wastes, could increase the soil pH in rubber plantation, decrease the contents of exchangeable acidity and aluminium, so as to improve soil acidity condition of rubber plantation. The above biochars could also increase soil CEC and BSP. Therefore, BPC, RWC, CSC and CTC produced by tropical agriculture wastes could be used to improve acid soil of tropical rubber plantation, but there were differences in soil improvement effects by different kinds of biochar and with different dosages.